{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T02:07:56Z","timestamp":1782785276744,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the association between asthma severity, lung function and serum levels of cytokines associated with T\u2010helper type 2 (T2) and non\u2010T2 responses in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a cross\u2010sectional study and recruited children and adolescents (7\u201317 years old) with asthma. Asthma severity was classified by daily corticosteroid dosage and pulmonary function, while asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test and the Child Asthma Control Test. Spirometry, blood collection for cytokine analysis (IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u201010, IL\u201013, IL\u201017, IFN\u03b3, TNF\u2010\u03b1), and induced sputum collection for cellularity evaluation were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 80 participants were included, with a mean age of 11.9 years, and 60% were male. Severe asthma was observed in 17.5%, and 15% had uncontrolled asthma. No differences in sputum cellularity were found (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.509). Cytokine levels of TNF\u2010\u03b1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.043) and IL\u20105 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.010) differed by asthma severity. Negative correlations were observed between cytokines (IL\u20104, IL\u20105, IL\u201010, IL\u201017) and spirometric parameters. IL\u201017 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001) and IL\u20105 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.045) levels varied with airway obstruction, and IL\u201017 levels differed with bronchodilator response in FEV1 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of immune responses in childhood asthma. Cytokines from both T2 and non\u2010T2 pathways were associated with lung function impairment, underscoring the interplay of diverse immune responses in the complexity of asthma pathophysiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T17:13:49Z","timestamp":1761758029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phenotype Overlap and Lung Function in Childhood Asthma: The Interaction Between T2 and Non\u2010T2 Responses"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2963-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00edvea","family":"Gianfrancesco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Health Postgraduate Program State University of Campinas Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics State University of Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7556-4893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula Gaban","family":"Malheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child and Adolescent Health Postgraduate Program State University of Campinas Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics State University of Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4701-7734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ta\u00eds Nitsch","family":"Mazzola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics State University of Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3988-6035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Icl\u00e9ia Siqueira","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2088-972X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 Moreno","family":"Morcillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1483-049X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena Baptistella","family":"Grotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics State University of Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3387-5642","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Dirceu","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics State University of Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5777-1146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adyl\u00e9ia Aparecida Dalbo Contrera","family":"Toro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medical Sciences, Center for Investigation in Pediatrics State University of Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences State University of Campinas Campinas S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","unstructured":"Global Initiative for Asthma [Internet] R: Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention Updated 2023 [cited 2024\u201006\u201024] Available 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