{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T20:58:30Z","timestamp":1769633910745,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]],"date-time":"2025-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763942400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":23,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\u201cBronchiectasis\u201d is a clinical syndrome characterized by chronic wet cough associated with chronic mucus production and abnormal bronchial dilatation. This condition is currently diagnosed through high resolution chest tomography in both adults and children. Bronchiectasis continues to be underdiagnosed \u2010especially in childhood\u2010 but this age group should be considered of particular importance since the progression from chronic bronchitis to bronchiectasis may take many years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this paper we analyze the barriers to a timely diagnosis of non\u2010CF bronchiectasis in childhood and discuss new options to improve the diagnostic algorithms as well as new opportunities for patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bronchiectasis diagnosis should be done as early as possible in children, since interrupting the infection\/inflammation cycle is critical to reverse and\/or stop the disease progression and structural lung injury.\u00a0Further studies are required to establish transition programs from pediatric to adult bronchiectasis care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T07:26:45Z","timestamp":1764055605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early Diagnosis of Non\u2010Cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis in Childhood: Shedding Light on Barriers and Opportunities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7434-9112","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Ghezzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7027-6817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Di Cicco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Pediatrics Unit University Hospital of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Canali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rossella","family":"Lamberti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Bertolucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Pediatrics Unit University Hospital of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvatore","family":"Zirpoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Radiology Unit \u201cVittore Buzzi\u201d Children's Hospital Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Romei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Radiology Unit, Radiology Department Pisa University Hospital Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2750-5810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enza","family":"D'Auria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital University of Milan Milan Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Science University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diego G.","family":"Peroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine University of Pisa Pisa Italy"},{"name":"Pediatrics Unit University Hospital of Pisa Pisa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3445-4612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Kantar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Asthma and Cough Centre Gruppo Ospedaliero San Donato Bergamo Italy"},{"name":"University Vita Salute San Raffaele Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"100","volume-title":"A Treatise on the Diseases of the Chest and on Mediate Auscultation","author":"Laennec R.","year":"1819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2202819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Inflammation: A Two\u2010Edged Sword\u2010\u2010The Model of Bronchiectasis","volume":"147","author":"Cole P. 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