{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T03:08:16Z","timestamp":1775617696751,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Limiting antibiotic days for treatment of tracheitis to the shortest, most effective duration is an important antimicrobial stewardship endeavor. The objective was to compare outcomes between patients who received a short course of antibiotics to those receiving a longer course.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective, cohort evaluation of patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit with an artificial airway and prescribed a course of antibiotics for at least 3 days for tracheitis. We compared the rate of re\u2010treatment of tracheitis or development of new pneumonia requiring antibiotics within 10 days of completing therapy between patients receiving a short course (\u2264\u20096 days) or long course (\u2265\u20097 days) of antibiotics for tracheitis. We also compared the rate of developing a subsequent multi\u2010drug resistant organism within 30 days of completing therapy between groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 95 patients were included; 42 (44%) patients received short (median 5 days) duration antibiotic therapy and 53 (56%) patients received long (median 9 days) duration. Duration of therapy did not statistically impact the composite of need for re\u2010treatment of tracheitis or development of pneumonia within 10 days or all\u2010cause mortality within 30 days of completing antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Shorter courses do not have worse outcomes compared to longer courses. Pediatric providers should be encouraged to limit treatment duration for tracheitis to 5 days.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T11:24:27Z","timestamp":1768994667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Short\u2010 vs Long\u2010Course Antibiotic Therapy for Children With Tracheitis Associated With an Artificial Airway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3727-7970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tracy N.","family":"Zembles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Enterprise Safety; Children's Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2420-9493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rainer G.","family":"Gedeit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin K.","family":"Wakeham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan E.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liyun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0320-5162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-3640"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2020.6735"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2021.5547"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir203"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofz360.1369"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001942"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000002761"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.: Pneumonia (Ventilator\u2010associated[VAP] and Non\u2010ventilator\u2010associated Pneumonia [PNEU]) Event (2015) accessed 7\/19\/24.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/6pscvapcurrent.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.: Management of Multi\u2010drug Resistant Organisms in Healthcare Settings (2006) accessed 7\/19\/24.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/infection-control\/media\/pdfs\/Guideline-MDRO-H.pdf."}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.71440","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ppul.71440","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.71440","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]],"date-time":"2026-01-29T08:27:13Z","timestamp":1769675233000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.71440"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.71440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.71440","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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