{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:42:37Z","timestamp":1790210557157,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tracheostomies are increasingly performed in children. The treatment of infections in tracheostomized patients is challenging because of the distinction between chronic colonization and acute infection. Next\u2010generation sequencing (NGS) is a promising alternative for identifying and quantifying pathogens in a short period. This study investigated the utility of NGS of tracheal aspirates from healthy and tracheostomized children (TC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This monocentric prospective case\u2010control study recruited children with long\u2010term TC and compared the colonization of the lower airways with a control group of children who had undergone elective general surgery. Tracheal aspirates were analyzed using three methods: bacterial culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and NGS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 107 children were recruited for this study. Sixty\u2010two samples were excluded due to acute exacerbation, lack of tracheal secretion, or insufficient cfDNA concentration (&lt;\u20090.3\u2009ng\/\u00b5l). Consequently, 45 samples (17 controls and 28 tracheotomized samples) were analyzed. Tracheal aspirates analyzed using NGS revealed a significantly higher prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0001),\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002),\n                      <jats:italic>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004), and\n                      <jats:italic>Moraxella catarrhalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) in TC. Through NGS, we were able to demonstrate that\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the dominant bacterium in 44% of the samples in which it was detected.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NGS can effectively identify a wide spectrum of DNA\u2010based pathogens (bacteria, viruses, and fungi) in the tracheal aspirates of children. Tracheostomized children were significantly more likely to be colonized by difficult\u2010to\u2010treat bacteria. Future research is required to evaluate the clinical benefits of NGS compared with standard microbiological procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T11:43:52Z","timestamp":1770983032000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Next Generation Sequencing of Tracheal Aspirates in Children With Tracheostomy A Prospective Case\u2010Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7965-8888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia","family":"Brensing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics III, Pulmonology, University Hospital Essen University Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen North Rhine\u2010Westphalia 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Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Mazzitelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noscendo GmbH Duisburg North Rhine\u2010Westphalia Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silke","family":"Grumaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noscendo GmbH Duisburg North Rhine\u2010Westphalia Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Stehling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics III, Pulmonology, University Hospital Essen University Duisburg\u2010Essen Essen North Rhine\u2010Westphalia 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