{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:05:20Z","timestamp":1790345120312,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asthma rates are rising globally, posing a significant public health challenge. In Qatar, childhood asthma affects 34.6% of children, making it a common chronic condition. The global scope of existing literature on the association between childhood asthma and perinatal and neonatal risk factors may not fully account for Qatar's distinctive socio\u2010cultural, genetic, and healthcare aspects. Therefore, this research aims to emphasize the importance of considering regional variations in health outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the association between childhood asthma development and mode of delivery, gestational age, and birthweight in Qatar.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A hospital\u2010based case\u2010control study was conducted in Qatar across Hamad General, Al Wakrah, and Al Khor hospitals from January 2020 to July 2023, including 830 asthma cases and 1,512 non\u2010asthma controls aged 6\u201314 years. Secondary data from Electronic Medical Records were analyzed using logistic regression, with odds ratios (ORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs) calculated for each factor. Confounders were managed through Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAG), and multiple imputations addressed missing data.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Asthma prevalence was 35.4%. Compared to controls, asthma cases were more likely to be males (65% vs. 41%) and have a family history of asthma (31.3% vs. 1.7%). In addition, Cesarean delivery (aOR 1.15, 95% CI 0.92, 1.44), preterm birth (aOR 1.07, 95% CI 0.79), and low birth weight (aOR 1.03, 95% CI 0.61, 1.73) showed slight increases in asthma risk. However, none of these associations reached statistical significance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite non\u2010significant associations, findings underscore the importance of considering regional variations and context\u2010specific research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]],"date-time":"2026-03-22T14:34:43Z","timestamp":1774190083000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Mode of Delivery and Neonatal Characteristics as Risk Factors for Childhood Asthma in Qatar: A Case\u2010Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0170-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samah","family":"Elshaar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health College of Health Sciences Qatar University Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Zahraldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar"},{"name":"Weill Cornell Medicine Ar\u2010Rayyan Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Adel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdelrahman Ibrahim","family":"Babiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2627-4806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Abdelwahab Abdelhamid","family":"Bayoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), Women's Wellness and Research Center (WWRC), Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9968-9853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manar Elsheikh","family":"Abdel\u2010Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health College of Health Sciences Qatar University Doha Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201703-259OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25914"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)61241-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2050312120973500"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00731-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ACI.0b013e328342309d"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2018.00186"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61729-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2004.00526.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"1887","article-title":"Robust Causal Inference Using Directed Acyclic Graphs: The R Package \u2018Dagitty\u2019","volume":"45","author":"Textor J.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2020.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","volume-title":"Stata Statistical Software: Release 18","author":"Stata Corp","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20331"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2022.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18295\/2075-0528.1679"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26719\/2010.16.12.1214"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2466-12-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1081-1206(10)62435-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18869\/mjiri.31.9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02475-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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