{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T12:11:00Z","timestamp":1780315860411,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL166335"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL166335"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis\u2010associated lung disease (SJIA\u2010LD) is increasingly recognized and associated with potentially life\u2010threatening complications. Diagnosis is challenging as SJIA\u2010LD is complex and frequently presents with subtle or no respiratory symptoms, necessitating CT imaging or other tests to detect budding dysfunction. We hypothesized that xenon and proton lung MRI could identify SJIA\u2010LD\u2010associated structural changes and functional deficits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty\u2010one participants aged 5\u201315 (16 healthy, 7 SJIA without diagnosed lung disease [SJIA\u2010non\u2010LD], 8 SJIA\u2010LD) underwent MRI for this cross\u2010sectional study. Participants underwent xenon ventilation MRI (14 healthy\/6 SJIA\u2010non\u2010LD\/7 SJIA\u2010LD), xenon gas\u2010exchange MRI (12 healthy\/3 SJIA\u2010non\u2010LD\/5 SJIA\u2010LD), and\/or proton ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI (12 healthy\/5 SJIA\u2010non\u2010LD\/7 SJIA\u2010LD). Ventilation defect percentage (VDP) and ratios of xenon signal in alveolar membrane (Membrane), red blood cells (RBC), and gas were calculated from xenon MR images. CTs and PFTs were obtained from participant medical records where available for comparison.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RBC\/Membrane differed significantly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.014) between healthy individuals and SJIA\u2010LD patients, and corresponded with DLCO results in a limited sample of participants with both measurements. VDP did not differ significantly between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.30), but was abnormally high in 3\/7 SJIA\u2010LD patients. SJIA\u2010LD pattern findings in UTE MRI were detected in 4\/7 SJIA\u2010LD patients and in no healthy or SJIA\u2010non\u2010LD participants (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Xenon and proton lung MRI can identify SJIA\u2010LD\u2010associated pulmonary abnormalities, with RBC\/Membrane showing particular promise for characterization of pulmonary diffusion limitation in SJIA\u2010LD. Future studies will evaluate lung MRI for SJIA\u2010LD phenotyping and longitudinal monitoring of SJIA\u2010associated lung function changes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T07:58:32Z","timestamp":1775635112000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Characterization of Pulmonary Dysfunction in Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Using Xenon and Proton MRI"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2080-5987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William J.","family":"Garrison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4356-9622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew M.","family":"Willmering","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7777-9428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bilal I.","family":"Masokano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shipra","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antoinette Wannes","family":"Daou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8235-1781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esi M.","family":"Morgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Seattle Children's Hospital Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zackary I.","family":"Cleveland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5221-4922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emrah","family":"Gecili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8149-613X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R. Paul","family":"Guillerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Schapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant S.","family":"Schulert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexei A.","family":"Grom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Division of Rheumatology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher T.","family":"Towe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5060-6401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura L.","family":"Walkup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2018.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"390","article-title":"International League of Associations for Rheumatology Classification of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: Second Revision, Edmonton, 2001","volume":"31","author":"Petty R. E.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Rheumatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-216040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-023-00593-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.25234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.26821"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41073"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2021.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-216983"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2020-217390"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2004.19.2.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.24957"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.24570"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201603-203OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-021-08236-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-016-3672-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02188-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.28136"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.29808"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2018.04.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01779-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2021204149"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00326.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08030492"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","unstructured":"W.Loew R.Thomen R.Giaquinto et al. A Dual Loop T\/R\u2010Xenon Coil for Homogenous Excitation with Improved Comfort and Size. International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Annual Meeting;2016May 7\u201313; Singapore SG. p. 1624."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.28985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27377"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cmr.a.21352"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.30347"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2010.2046908"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2021.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2016.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.2025.211.Abstracts.A7952"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.153.1.6089263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2397-2335.1922.tb00768.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1952.10483441"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aoms\/1177730491"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-024-11209-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27800"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.71613","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ppul.71613","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.71613","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T11:33:13Z","timestamp":1780313593000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.71613"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.71613"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.71613","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71613"}}