{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:33:39Z","timestamp":1790037219359,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1U24HL135881\u201001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1U24HL135881\u201001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary disease in children with SCD is common and heterogeneous and includes pulmonary function impairment. This study aimed to investigate spirometry patterns in Ghanaian children with SCD and factors that contribute to low lung function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A case\u2010control study involving children aged 6\u201316 years with and without SCD was carried out at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital. Demographic, socio\u2010economic, and clinical information were collected. Spirometry was performed for both cases and controls at enrolment and interpreted based on the GLI\u2010Black reference equation. Logistic and linear regression analyses were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 115 cases and 115 controls were recruited for the study. Children with SCD had significantly lower anthropometric measurements, lower lung volumes compared to the controls: median (IQR) BMI z\u2010scores; cases vs controls, \u22120.5 (\u22121.3 to 0.3); versus \u22120.2 (\u22120.9 to 0.8)\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01, mean z\u2010 scores for forced expiratory volume in 1\u2009s (FEV\n                      <jats:sub>1)<\/jats:sub>\n                      , cases vs controls, \u22121.0 (SD1.2) vs \u22120.4 (SD 1.2) z\u2010score, (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), mean z\u2010scores for forced vital capacity (FVC z\u2010scores), cases versus controls, \u22120.8 (SD1.2) z score vs \u22120.3 (SD 1.3) z\u2010score, (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Abnormal lung function was significantly more common in cases than controls, 42% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200948) and 17.4% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200920) respectively. The lung function abnormalities noted were as follows: restrictive pattern, cases versus controls [24.3% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200928) vs 12.2% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200914)] (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), obstructive pattern [14.8% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200917) versus 5.2% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20096)] (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), mixed pattern [2.6% (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093) versus 0 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Being female and having higher BMI z\u2010scores were associated with significantly lower odds of having a restrictive lung function pattern compared to normal lung function, OR 0.31 (95% CI 0.16, 0.58) (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study has demonstrated a predominance of low anthropometric measurements and restrictive abnormality on spirometry in children with SCD in Ghana. Females and those with higher BMI z\u2010scores had significantly lower odds of having a restrictive lung function pattern compared to normal lung function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71655","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T12:25:48Z","timestamp":1778243148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Spirometry Assessments in Children With Sickle Cell Disease in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Baah Agyeiwah","family":"Birgit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8003-1127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ntim Amankwa","family":"Emmanuel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osei","family":"Eugenia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paintsil","family":"Vivian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marfo","family":"Joseph","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Holland College Charlottetown Province of Prince Edward Island Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marozva","family":"Nicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osei Akoto","family":"Alex","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansong","family":"Daniel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gray","family":"Diane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Paediatric Pulmonology, Department of Child Health and Paediatrics University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6439-1643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwarteng\u2010 Owusu","family":"Sandra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Directorate of Child Health Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Child Health, School of Medical Sciences Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/jogh.08.021103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"Ohene\u2010Frempong: Screening newborns for sickle cell\u2026 \u2010 Google Scholar [Internet]. 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