{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T11:49:19Z","timestamp":1782474559874,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pulmonary function testing is an important clinical tool to monitor cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease. Compared to conventional spirometry, multiple\u2010breath washout (MBW) requires minimal co\u2010operation. However, steady tidal breathing can be quite challenging in infants and toddlers, and can only be successfully achieved during sleep, often requiring sedation. We aimed to evaluate the use of melatonin to perform MBW investigations during natural sleep in young children with CF.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MBW investigations during sleep by the use of melatonin were scheduled together with routine visits for infants and toddlers at the pediatric CF clinic of the Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From May 2024 to March 2025, seven children with CF, aged 3\u221233 months, received melatonin to perform MBW. Sleep was achieved in all patients after a final dose of 10\u2009mg of melatonin with a relatively short median full test duration of 87\u2009min. Five MBW investigations were successfully accomplished.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Melatonin can be used to perform MBW during sleep in infants and toddlers with CF. Inducing natural sleep makes melatonin a safe, feasible, and less time\u2010consuming alternative compared to sedatives. Future MBW investigations using melatonin are warranted to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T07:45:59Z","timestamp":1780904759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Melatonin to Induce Natural Sleep During Multiple\u2010Breath Washout in Infants and Toddlers With Cystic Fibrosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Jouret","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Antwerp University Hospital Edegem Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stijn","family":"Verhulst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Antwerp University Hospital Edegem Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Van Hoorenbeeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Pulmonology Antwerp University Hospital Edegem Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics University of Antwerp Antwerp Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000225373"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.0016-2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(19)30337-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00069712"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-005-1648-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3181ca12a8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2020.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20874"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.1950080414"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-021-06923-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/892624"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00015-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201109-1631OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.068262"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000357075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2012-201747"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2013-204023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2011.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00580-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcf.2011.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","first-page":"87","article-title":"Multiple\u2010Breath Washout","volume":"47","author":"Robinson P. 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