{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:25:47Z","timestamp":1786116347022,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783468800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":7,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a heterogeneous syndrome encompassing multiple biological and structural phenotypes. This study aimed to (1) identify latent phenotypes of in\u2010hospital respiratory trajectories among preterm infants born at \u2264\u200932 weeks, and (2) compare these data\u2010driven subgroups with traditional BPD severity classifications in predicting in\u2010hospital mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective cohort of preterm infants born at \u2264\u200932 weeks' gestation and admitted to a tertiary neonatal unit in Medell\u00edn, Colombia (2021\u20132023). Infants with major malformations or genetic syndromes were excluded. Clinical and respiratory variables were analyzed using latent class analysis (LCA) to identify subgroups based on markers of prematurity, oxygen dependency, and respiratory support.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 236 infants, a three\u2010class model best described the data (AIC\u2009=\u200912,002; BIC\u2009=\u200912,440; entropy = 0.83). Class 1 (64%) comprised more mature infants with mild respiratory disease and 5% mortality. Class 2 (27%) showed prolonged oxygen therapy and intermediate outcomes. Class 3 (9%), composed mainly of extremely preterm infants, exhibited severe respiratory failure and 88% mortality. The classes reflected a progressive gradient of respiratory severity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LCA revealed three distinct BPD phenotypes with increasing respiratory severity and mortality, paralleling biological models of parenchymal, interstitial, and vascular injury. This approach supports data\u2010driven phenotyping as a foundation for precision neonatal care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:15:43Z","timestamp":1783509343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Uncovering Hidden Phenotypes of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Latent Class Analysis of Preterm Infants in a Middle\u2010Income Setting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9665-5791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Parra\u2010Buitrago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Medell\u00edn Colombia"},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Cl\u00ednica Universitaria Bolivariana \u2010 Hospital Pablo Tob\u00f3n Uribe Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6513-5457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Jaramillo\u2010Cerezo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2404-6612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson Antonio","family":"Buend\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research group in Pharmacology and Toxicology. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Antioquia Medell\u00edn Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.2011060"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10244"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0127-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jst084"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2021.1941886"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45216-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2024.102518"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.25763"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176112"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12050687"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semperi.2023.151810"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201907-1342OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2550-5306"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2025-003652"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.71732","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ppul.71732","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.71732","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T09:23:55Z","timestamp":1786008235000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.71732"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.71732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.71732","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-08","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71732"}}