{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T15:25:19Z","timestamp":1786116319678,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children born preterm with chronic lung disease of Immaturity (CLDI) frequently present with obstructive lung function, yet optimal bronchodilator therapy remains uncertain. Previous studies focused on \u03b22\u2010agonists, while evidence for muscarinic antagonist therapy is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a prospectively planned cross\u2010sectional study of preterm\u2010born children (&lt;\u200935 weeks) with CLDI and obstructive spirometry (FEV1\n                      <jats:italic>z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010score &lt; \u20131.64). Of 73 screened, 64 were enrolled, and 55 completed the protocol. Each attended three randomized crossover visits with salbutamol, ipratropium bromide, or fenoterol\/ipratropium combination. Spirometry was performed before and after administration.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Overall, 48 children demonstrated bronchodilator responsiveness to at least one agent. Response rates were 56.4% for salbutamol (95% CI 43\u201370), 58.2% for ipratropium (95% CI 45\u201371), and 65.5% for the combination (95% CI 53\u201378), with no significant differences (McNemar's test,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.45). Exclusive responses were observed in 9.1% to salbutamol (95% CI 3.0\u221220.0), 5.5% to ipratropium (95% CI 1.1\u201315.1), and 9.1% to the combination (95% CI 3.0\u221220.0). Among children with reversibility, repeated\u2010measures ANOVA showed no significant difference in the effect of drugs (F\u2009=\u20090.1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.9), phenotype (F\u2009=\u20092.46,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.12), or their interaction (F\u2009=\u20091.1,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.34).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cohort, 87% of preterm\u2010born children with CLDI exhibit reversible bronchial obstruction, with a substantial subset responding exclusively to a single bronchodilator. Due to the fact that single\u2010drug testing may underestimate reversibility, individualized bronchodilator testing should be incorporated into care, and its long\u2010term implications merit further study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T04:36:01Z","timestamp":1784262961000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bronchodilator Responsiveness in Preterm\u2010Born Children With Chronic Lung Disease: Importance of Individualized Testing"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5586-7295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yotam","family":"Ophir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6655-1073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Tukova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2023.105756"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/thorax-2022-219301"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(24)00413-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S366126"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.10.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00788-2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201509-578OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advms.2020.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40272-025-00697-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2007.01001.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201508-553OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.4.9610028"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.07.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(199601)21:1<28::AID-PPUL5>3.0.CO;2-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000371539"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.09.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.5.1137"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01955008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0929-693x(96)89886-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0002-9343(96)80085-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199912000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0022-3476(98)70219-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003214.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.2.391"}],"container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.71742","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ppul.71742","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ppul.71742","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T09:24:13Z","timestamp":1786008253000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ppul.71742"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ppul.71742"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ppul.71742","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.22541\/au.175796852.29466573\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["8755-6863","1099-0496"],"issn-type":[{"value":"8755-6863","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0496","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-16","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71742"}}