{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:19:46Z","timestamp":1788239986368,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Accurate assessment of pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRi) is essential for the diagnosis and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PVRi depends on pulmonary blood flow (Qp), which can be determined by thermodilution or the Fick principle. However, agreement between these methods in children with PAH remains poorly characterized.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We performed a retrospective single\u2010center study of 209 cardiac catheterizations in 50 pediatric patients with WHO Group 1 PAH. Thermodilution\u2010derived Qp was obtained in patients without significant intracardiac shunting and compared with Fick\u2010derived Qp using reported oxygen consumption (VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ), which was obtained by direct measurement (173 procedures, 93%) or the Seckeler equation (13 procedures, 7%). Agreement between methods was assessed using Bland\u2013Altman analysis, and multivariable linear regression was performed to identify predictors of discrepancies in PVRi.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thermodilution\u2010derived PVRi was, on average, 2.0 Wood units\u00b7m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      lower than Fick\u2010derived PVRi. The discrepancy increased as PVRi increased (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.47). Differences in VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      estimation contributed minimally to variability in PVRi compared with differences in Qp determination. Among patients who underwent serial catheterizations, thermodilution was used consistently in only 42%, whereas 58% had variable use across procedures.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thermodilution systematically yields lower PVRi than the Fick method in pediatric PAH, particularly in patients with higher PVRi. These findings highlight the importance of maintaining a consistent method of Qp determination during serial catheterizations to improve interpretation of longitudinal hemodynamic changes and clinical decision\u2010making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T07:38:07Z","timestamp":1786606687000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of Thermodilution on Indexed Pulmonary Vascular Resistance Calculations in Pediatric Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8441-2234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daiji","family":"Takajo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8634-1399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul J.","family":"Critser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russel","family":"Hirsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Heart Institute Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac237"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001136"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01913\u20102018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamacardio.2017.2945"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/4.1.23"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl\u20102014\u2010306378"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2022.04.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246\u2010025\u201003817\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246\u2010023\u201003186\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246\u2010017\u20101602\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2018.01.076"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11102717"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/261793"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246\u2010024\u201003491\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25259\/JCIS_36_2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2024.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.02.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/685102"}],"container-title":["Pediatric 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