{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T13:38:24Z","timestamp":1792676304313,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Pediatric Pulmonology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder characterized by respiratory infections leading to chronic airway colonization and progressive lung damage. The aim of this study is to evaluate prevalence and longitudinal changes of respiratory microbiological profile in children and young adults with PCD, and their association with clinical, functional, and radiological features.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, multicenter longitudinal study included PCD patients from seven Italian Pediatric Pulmonology centers within the SIMRI (Italian Pediatric Respiratory Society) \u201cPCD and Non\u2010CF Bronchiectasis\u201d study group. Patients were evaluated at baseline (T0) with questionnaires, spirometry, and sputum cultures, and followed for 12 months, with quarterly assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      82 patients were enrolled (mean age 16.1\u2009\u00b1\u20095.9\u2009y). At T0, 21 had negative sputum, 41 were colonized, 20 had acute infection. After 12 months, 75% of colonized patients remained colonized, although the microorganism identified during follow\u2010up was not necessarily the same as that detected at baseline, and 52% of negative patients remained negative. Among acute infection, 40% progressed to colonization and 40% became sputum\u2010negative. No significant clinical or functional differences were observed among microbiological groups. The most common pathogens were\n                      <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (acute 18%, colonization 33%),\n                      <jats:italic>H. influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      (acute 14%, colonization 33%), and\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (acute 9%, colonization 23%). Patients colonized with\n                      <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      showed lower spirometric values and more extensive bronchiectasis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In PCD patients microbiological positivity is highly prevalent, being\n                      <jats:italic>Haemophilus influenzae<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      the most frequently isolated pathogens. Most patients colonized at baseline remained colonized over time and patients colonized by\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      tended to exhibit greater bronchiectasis extension and worse lung function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.71875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:46:01Z","timestamp":1792673161000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal Characterization of the Microbiological Status in Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: An Italian Multicentre Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Valentina Agnese","family":"Ferraro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's and Children's Health Department\u2014SDB University of Padua Padua Italy"},{"name":"Women's and Children's Health Department Unit of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Tonazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Women's and Children's Health Department\u2014SDB University of Padua Padua Italy"},{"name":"Women's and Children's Health Department Unit of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Padova Padova Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-1852-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pandolfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR) Palermo Italy"},{"name":"Department of Economics Business and Statistics (dSEAS), University of Palermo (UNIPA) Palermo Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Biondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences Paediatric Pulmonology, Federico II University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8723-7224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Boni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology &amp; Cystic Fibrosis Unit\u2014Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melissa","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences Paediatric Pulmonology, Federico II University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7397-7395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Calogero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pulmonology Unit, Anna Meyer University Hospital for Children, IRCCS Florence Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberta","family":"Circiello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adele","family":"Corcione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Translational Medical Sciences Paediatric Pulmonology, Federico II University Naples Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7711-5672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Cutrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology &amp; Cystic Fibrosis Unit\u2014Bambino Ges\u00f9 Children's Hospital, IRCCS Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4601-7484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina","family":"Fainardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Surgery Pediatric Clinic, University of Parma Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4291-0195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe Fabio","family":"Parisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Respiratory Unit, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania Catania Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1716-1738","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Francesca","family":"Patria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e0 Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, SC Pediatria Pneumo\u2010Infettivologia Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7393-3931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Scopelliti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cystic fibrosis Unit, Cardio\u2010Thoracic Department Azienda Ospedaliero\u2010Universitaria di Parma Parma Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1111-5690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Ullmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Pulmonology &amp; 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Raccomandazioni per l'esecuzione delle indagini microbiologiche di campioni respiratori dei pazienti con fibrosi cistica [Internet]. 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