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However, PSA lacks diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, leading to false\u2010negative and false\u2010positive test results. PSA cannot distinguish indolent from aggressive disease, leading to many patients being over\u2010treated with associated side\u2010effects. Furthermore, PSA is unable to identify which tumors are likely to become unresponsive to treatment at an early stage. Thus, there is an urgent need for clinically validated biomarkers which will improve the diagnosis and management of PCa. Given the heterogeneity of PCa it is likely that a panel of biomarkers will be required. In the quest for PCa biomarkers, a wide range of samples including urine, serum, tissues, and cell lines have been studied using proteomic approaches such as 2\u2010DE, SELDI\u2010TOF, SILAC, ICAT, iTRAQ, and MALDI\u2010IMS. The value of these technologies, and other emerging platforms such as selected reaction monitoring (SRM) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), are discussed in the context of biomarker discovery, validation and addressing the \u201cbottle\u2010necks\u201d that exist prior to clinical translation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.200800154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,31]],"date-time":"2009-01-31T02:54:14Z","timestamp":1233370454000},"page":"197-212","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prostate cancer proteomics: The urgent need for clinically validated biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Evans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Glen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colby L.","family":"Eaton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Larr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James W. 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