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High\u2010throughput multiplexed analysis was used to quantify markers of interest at baseline and 3 years later in the clinical course. Objective measurements of the brain were derived <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> with quantitative magnetic resonance segmentation algorithms and with diffusion tensor imaging.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Of the markers examined, monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20101 (MCP\u20101 or CCL\u20102) was the most prominent correlate of brain injury. Elevated MCP\u20101 levels correlated with brain white matter alterations at the initial assessment. The relationship to injury was more extensive 3 years later; elevated MCP\u20101 was significantly correlated with measures of brain microstructural alterations and of abject atrophy.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and clinical relevance<\/jats:bold>: The findings build on our prior observations that elevated MCP\u20101 levels may be a useful predictive marker for HIV\u2010associated neurocognitive disorder. As a potent chemoattractant, MCP\u20101 may mediate injury through participation in self\u2010reinforcing cycles of chronic immune activation and cytokine\/chemokine\u2010mediated neurotoxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.200900083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,28]],"date-time":"2010-01-28T19:46:06Z","timestamp":1264707966000},"page":"295-303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Biomarkers of neurological status in HIV infection: A 3\u2010year study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Ann B.","family":"Ragin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renee","family":"Ochs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Scheidegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Edelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leon G.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"McArthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(05)70165-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280590952790"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000145763.68284.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280601089175"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2007.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000278457.55877.eb"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1040"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.07.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906424"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.11.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502548102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmrb.1996.0086"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","first-page":"277","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging of patients with HIV and normal\u2010appearing white matter on MR images of the brain","volume":"22","author":"Filippi C. 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