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Although activated monocyte phenotypes emerge in disease, the functional correlates of these cells remain unresolved.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Experimental design<\/jats:bold>: To this end, we studied the proteome of blood\u2010derived monocytes obtained from Hispanic women with the most severe form of HIV\u2010associated neurocognitive disorders, HIV\u2010associated dementia (HAD). Monocytes isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by CD14+ immunoaffinity column chromatography were &gt;95% pure. Cells were recovered from four patients without evidence of cognitive impairment and five with HAD and analyzed by 2\u2010D DIGE and tandem MS.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>: Importantly, ADP ribosylhydrolase, myeloperoxidase, thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin 3, NADPH, and GTPase\u2010activating protein were all downregulated in HAD. In regards to myeloperoxidase, thioredoxin, and peroxiredoxin 3, these changes were validated in an additional cohort of 30 patients by flow cytometry.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusions and clinical relevance<\/jats:bold>: We conclude that deficits in monocyte antioxidants lead to neuronal damage through the loss of hydrogen peroxide scavenging capabilities; thus exposing neurons to apoptosis\u2010inducing factors. Altered monocyte functions therefore may contribute to the development and progression of cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201000010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,13]],"date-time":"2010-07-13T21:08:27Z","timestamp":1279055307000},"page":"706-714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Proteomic analyses of monocytes obtained from Hispanic women with HIV\u2010associated dementia show depressed antioxidants"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Kraft\u2010Terry","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yamil","family":"Gerena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie","family":"Wojna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marines","family":"Plaud\u2010Valentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yolanda","family":"Rodriguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawel","family":"Ciborowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Mayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Skolasky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Howard E.","family":"Gendelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Loyda M.","family":"Mel\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000287431.88658.8b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-009-9102-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2005.04.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-009-9174-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033818"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03036448"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65476-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/2979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-4690-6-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.09.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr070220c"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2007.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.5.2629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2007.01.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2003.10.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01013-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13550280600964576"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/pr060100p"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2008.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(95)52023-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/135100002125000352"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1093\/intimm\/8.4.603","article-title":"Elevation of plasma thioredoxin levels in HIV\u2010infected individuals","volume":"8","author":"Nakamura H.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. 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