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Fibronectin was chosen for follow\u2010up based on the differences in peptide spectral counts and sequence coverage observed between the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> and control groups. Subsequently, fibronectin levels were determined with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ELISA<\/jats:styled-content> in 68 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients, 38 milder <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>ecker muscular dystrophy patients, 33 patients with other neuromuscular disorders, and 15 age\u2010matched adult and child controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significant increase in fibronectin levels in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients compared to age\u2010matched controls. Fibronectin levels in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>ecker muscular dystrophy, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">B<\/jats:styled-content>ethlem myopathy, or myasthenia gravis were comparable to control levels. Progressive elevation in fibronectin levels was observed in longitudinal samples from 22 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients followed up for a period of 6 months up to 4 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and clinical relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study suggests that serum fibronectin levels may constitute a promising biomarker to monitor disease progression in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201300072","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,24]],"date-time":"2014-01-24T03:05:02Z","timestamp":1390532702000},"page":"269-278","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Fibronectin is a serum biomarker for <scp>D<\/scp>uchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"F.","family":"Cynthia Martin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)  RC Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Hiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)  RC Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Spitali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)  RC Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stijn","family":"Oonk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Genetics Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)  RC Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Dalebout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics &gt;Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)  RC Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magnus","family":"Palmblad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics &gt;Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)  RC Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Chaouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Medicine Newcastle University, International Centre for Life  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michela","family":"Guglieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Medicine Newcastle University, International Centre for Life  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Straub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Medicine Newcastle University, International Centre for Life  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanns","family":"Lochm\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Genetic Medicine Newcastle University, International Centre for Life  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik H.","family":"Niks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC)  RC Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan J. 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