{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T07:45:03Z","timestamp":1790495103343,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530144000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,28]],"date-time":"2018-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1530144000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIS\u20101521904"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIS\u20101521904"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proteomics Clinical Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sweat is a relatively unexplored biofluid for diagnosis and monitoring of disease states. In this study, the proteomic profiling of immune\u2010related biomarkers from healthy individuals are presented.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental Design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eccrine sweat samples are collected from 50 healthy individuals. LC\u2010MS\/MS is performed on two pools of sweat samples from five male and female participants. Individual sweat samples are analyzed by antibody isotyping microarrays (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a049), human cytokine arrays (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a030), and quantitative ELISAs for interleukin\u20101\u03b1 (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a016), epidermal growth factor (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a06), and angiogenin (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a07).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In sweat, 220 unique proteins are identified by shotgun analysis. Detectable antibody isotypes include IgA (100% positive; median 1230\u00a0\u00b1\u00a028\u00a0700\u00a0pg\u00a0mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), IgD (18%; 22.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0119\u00a0pg\u00a0mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), IgG1 (96%; 1640\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06750\u00a0pg\u00a0mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), IgG2 (37%; 292\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06810\u00a0pg\u00a0mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), IgG3 (71%; 74.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0119\u00a0pg\u00a0mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), IgG4 (69%; 43.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a042.0\u00a0pg\u00a0mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and IgM (41%; 69.0\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01630\u00a0pg\u00a0mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). Of 42 cytokines, three are readily detected in all sweat samples (\n                      <jats:italic>p\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;\u00a00.01). The median concentration for interleukin\u20101\u03b1 is 352\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0521\u00a0pg\u00a0mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , epidermal growth factor is 86.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0147\u00a0pg\u00a0mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      , and angiogenin is 38.3\u00a0\u00b1\u00a096.3\u00a0pg\u00a0mL\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      . Multiple other cytokines are detected at lower levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sweat can be used for profiling antibodies and innate immune biomarkers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.201800010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,8]],"date-time":"2018-06-08T04:16:50Z","timestamp":1528431410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":80,"title":["Eccrine Sweat as a Biofluid for Profiling Immune Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Katchman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Personalized Diagnostics Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University  Tempe AZ 85281 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meilin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Personalized Diagnostics Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University  Tempe AZ 85281 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Blain Christen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering, Arizona State University  Tempe AZ 85281 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen S.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Personalized Diagnostics Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University  Tempe AZ 85281 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