{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T00:16:58Z","timestamp":1785284218727,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021A1515012543 2021A1515011303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021A1515012543 2021A1515011303"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proteomics Clinical Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aims to explore the proteomic profile and specific target proteins associated with muscle growth in response to botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT\u2010A) treatment, in order to improve spasticity management in children with cerebral palsy (CP).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Experimental design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 54 participants provided 60 plasma samples for proteomic analysis. Among them, six children were sampled before and after receiving their first BoNT\u2010A injection. In addition, 48 unrelated children were enrolled, among whom one group had never received BoNT\u2010A injections and another group was sampled after their first BoNT\u2010A injection. Differentially expressed proteins were identified using the data\u2010independent acquisition (DIA) mass spectrometry approach. Gene Ontology (GO), protein\u2013protein interaction network, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome analysis were conducted to explore the function and relationship among differentially expressed proteins. The expression levels of target proteins were verified by quantitative real\u2010time PCR and western blotting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Analysis identified significant differential expression of 90 proteins across two time points, including 48 upregulated and 42 downregulated proteins. The upregulated thioredoxin, \u03b1\u2010actinin\u20101, and aggrecan, and the downregulated integrin beta\u20101 may affect the growth of muscles affected by spasticity 3\u00a0months after BoNT\u2010A injection. This effect is potentially mediated through the activation or inhibition of PI3K\u2010Akt, focal adhesion, and regulation of actin cytoskeleton signaling pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion and clinical relevance<\/jats:title><jats:p>BoNT\u2010A injection could lead to a disruption of protein levels and signaling pathways, a condition subsequently associated with muscle growth. This finding might aid clinicians in optimizing the management of spasticity in children with CP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.202300070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T10:50:04Z","timestamp":1709895004000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Proteomic changes of botulinum neurotoxin injection on muscle growth in children with spastic cerebral palsy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Xubo","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongmei","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou 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Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Department of Sport Rehabilitation Shanghai University of Sport  shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yage","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengru","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingshan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou 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