{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T17:20:04Z","timestamp":1783012804351,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774742400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022955","name":"Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022955","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proteomics Clinical Apps"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Endometriosis is a prevalent inflammatory condition characterised by the presence of endometrial\u2010like tissue outside the uterus and is associated with significant challenges, including diagnostic delays and continued reliance on laparoscopy. Although extensive research has investigated potential biomarkers in various biofluids, none have been validated for clinical use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Experimental design<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This pilot study explored the proteome of cervicovaginal fluid to identify biomarkers of endometriosis. SWATH\u2010MS was performed over two experiments on cervicovaginal fluid sampled via a low vaginal swab, from people with (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 20) and without (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 19) surgically confirmed endometriosis. STRING, OPLS\u2010DA modelling and ingenuity pathway analysis were used to interrogate the data. ELISA was performed validate SWATH\u2010MS findings.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 29 proteins in experiment one and 47 proteins in experiment two identified as differentially abundant between cases and controls. No proteins were identified as differentially abundant in both experiments. Legumain (LGMN) measured via ELISA was significantly increased in the cervicovaginal fluid of people with endometriosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions and clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cervicovaginal fluid proteins sampled via vaginal swab may have limited biomarker potential for endometriosis. A larger and more diverse cohort would be required to confirm the promise of cervicovaginal fluid LGMN as a candidate biomarker of endometriosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.70044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T05:40:57Z","timestamp":1774849257000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proteomic Analysis of Cervicovaginal Fluid for Diagnostic Endometriosis Biomarker Discovery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6257-0135","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily S. J.","family":"Paterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia University of Otago, \u014ct\u0101kou Whakaihu Waka  Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Scheck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health University of Otago, \u014ct\u0101kou Whakaihu Waka  Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Wellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora \u2010 Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley  Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Kleffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry University of Otago, \u014ct\u0101kou Whakaihu Waka  Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roopi","family":"Gill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Women's Health University of Otago, \u014ct\u0101kou Whakaihu Waka  Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Wellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora \u2010 Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley  Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Bedford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Wellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora \u2010 Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley  Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"McDowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Wellington Hospital, Te Whatu Ora \u2010 Capital, Coast and Hutt Valley  Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane E.","family":"Girling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy University of Otago, \u014ct\u0101kou Whakaihu Waka  Dunedin, Aotearoa New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire E.","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia University of Otago, \u014ct\u0101kou Whakaihu Waka  Wellington, Aotearoa New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hropen\/hoab029"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","unstructured":"Endometriosis New Zealand. Endo Information [Internet]. Christchurch New Zealand: Endometriosis NZ. 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