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In these patients, autonomic dysfunction is an important physiological change strongly associated with adverse outcomes, morbidity, and mortality. Given that the beneficial effects of physical training in CAD patients have been traditionally evidenced with programs involving land\u2010based aerobic exercises, this study aims to evaluate the effects of water aerobic exercise training (WAET) on the autonomic modulation of heart rate (HR) and body composition, in the rehabilitation of CAD patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010six male subjects with CAD were randomly divided into a training group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a014), submitted to the WAET, and a control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a012). The WAET consisted of 3 weekly sessions on alternate days, totalling 48 sessions. The analysis of HR variability was used to evaluate the autonomic modulation of HR, from the recording of R\u2010R intervals for 15\u00a0min, at rest in the supine position, and the body composition was evaluated through the bioelectrical impedance analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only the training group participants had improvement in the HR variability indices; patterns without variation decreased (0V, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.005) and an increase of patterns of two different variations (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), Shannon entropy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.02), and normalized conditional entropy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.03), whereas the control group had an increase of 0V (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.04) and a decrease of normalized conditional entropy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.01). All body composition variables remained unchanged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The WAET protocol improved the cardiac autonomic modulation of patients with CAD and can be considered as exercise training strategy in cardiac rehabilitation programs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.1713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T12:26:51Z","timestamp":1521116811000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Water exercise in coronary artery disease patients, effects on heart rate variability, and body composition: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5493-224X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elie","family":"Fiogb\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP)  Piracicaba SP Brazil"},{"name":"Post\u2010Graduation Program in Physical Therapy Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar)  S\u00e3o Carlos SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafaela","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP)  Piracicaba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcio Ant\u00f4nio Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Sindorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduation Program in Physical Education, College of Health Sciences Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP)  Piracicaba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia Aparecida","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP)  Piracicaba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keiti Passoni","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP)  Piracicaba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"de Castro Cesar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduation Program in Physical Education, College of Health Sciences Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP)  Piracicaba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles Ricardo","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduation Program in Physical Education, College of Health Sciences Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP)  Piracicaba SP Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty Adventist of Hortol\u00e2ndia (UNASP)  Hortol\u00e2ndia SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marlene Aparecida","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010Graduation Program in Physical Therapy, College of Health Sciences Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP)  Piracicaba SP Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X1103150514155757"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Diretrizes para Reabilita\u00e7\u00e3o Card\u00edaca e Programas de Preven\u00e7\u00e3o Secund\u00e1ria","author":"American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/36.5.936"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.1.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00534.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327558ijbm0401_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0b013e31818dc44e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000184225.05629.51"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421-010-1682-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"448","article-title":"Heart rate variability and pulmonary infections after myocardial revascularization","volume":"95","author":"Corr\u00eaa P. 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