{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T03:17:47Z","timestamp":1779160667628,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]],"date-time":"2023-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1699920000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The hamstring muscles have a key function in the stability of the knee, limiting the anterior translation of the tibia. Therefore, to better perform rehabilitation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgery, it is important to develop a specific program based on hamstring strength recovery. It is possible to increase strength and muscle hypertrophy through high load exercises (HL); the recommended load is about 60%\u201380% of a maximum repetition (MR). Although low\u2010load resistance training (LL) is ineffective at reproducing these values, the use of Blood Flow Restriction (BFR) with LL exercises appears to allow athletes to increase strength and muscle hypertrophy. This could limit functional decline and mitigate muscle atrophy allowing to optimize the recovery path and load management in post\u2010operative patients. Recent scientific evidence, as far as the increasingly frequent use of BFR in rehabilitation and sports rehabilitation is concerned, suggests that these devices could represent one of the most significant innovations in the physiotherapy field. The aim of this study was to increase the strength of the hamstrings in the early phases of ACL rehabilitation with an LL\u2010BFR training protocol for speeding up the development of adequate muscle strength.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case descriptions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patient, a 25\u2010year\u2010old male professional footballer, suffered from ACL injury during a football match, and after three months, he underwent a reconstruction ACL surgery with medial Hamstring tendon autograft. The athlete engaged a pre\u2010operative program to restore a full active and passive knee range of motion and increase muscular strength. The first rehabilitation phase was supported by the adoption of BFR for hamstring strengthening, starting from the sixth week post\u2010surgery (T0). A complete assessment of posterior hamstring muscles was performed through a hand\u2010held dynamometer and load detection platforms. Three different types of exercises, focusing on the hamstring muscles, were chosen. Two further assessments were performed over time (T1 ant T2), highlighting different changes that occurred.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Interesting results showed a significant increase between T0 and T1 for all the assessed outcomes; in this case an average increase in strength of 59.87% between the beginning and the end of 4\u00a0weeks rehabilitation protocol was obtained in the first interval (T0\u2010T1), while only 25.26% resulted in the second interval (T1\u2010T2). However, the collected data should be considered with caution due to some limitations: the single experience of a single patient can hardly be generalized. Moreover, the reliance on isometric measurement of maximal strength and the absence of a direct strength measurement of the hamstrings during squat remain questionable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The final results suggest the capacity of the LL\u2010BFR exercises to recreate a condition of a high intensity muscular effort with respect to load management, especially after surgery. This highlights the need to further investigate BFR adoption as it allows the patients to speed up their rehabilitation goals in developing adequate muscle strength.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.2059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T20:42:11Z","timestamp":1700080931000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Use of blood flow restriction for increasing the strength of the ischiocrural muscles in anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3657-4597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Ceccarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  Massa Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8281-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Andreani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Health Science \u201cVincenzo Tiberio\u201d University of Molise C\/daTappino c\/o Cardarelli Hospital  Campobasso Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Soave","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Practice  Verona Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5315-4236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mattia","family":"Salomon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine University of Roma \u201cTor Vergata\u201d c\/o Medicine and Surgery School  Rome Italy"},{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences University of Roma \u201cSapienza Roma\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9683-9975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Maselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neurosciences University of Roma \u201cSapienza Roma\u201d  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000240"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10010068"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738118821929"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/19417381211056873"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010020\u201001400\u2010x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"The case report in context","volume":"85","author":"Carleton H. 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