{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T05:10:47Z","timestamp":1696569047954},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]],"date-time":"2011-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1310947200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:bold>Background and Purpose<\/jats:bold>. This case series assesses the effects of five consecutive days of low\u2010frequency (1\u2009Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) with and without a 6\u2010Hz primer. Although this paper studies able\u2010bodied individuals, similar rTMS protocols are used to facilitate motor recovery in patients with hemiplegia following stroke. However, the cortical mechanisms associated with repeated daily doses of rTMS are not completely understood. <jats:bold>Case Description<\/jats:bold>. Four right\u2010handed healthy volunteers (two men, aged 20\u201350\u2009years) participated in a double\u2010blind case series of primed and unprimed rTMS. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare task\u2010related haemodynamics during a simple motor task and resting\u2010state cortical connectivity. Understanding the mechanisms of repeated rTMS sessions may serve as a precursor to development of rTMS paradigms involving motor cortex stimulation in patients with a range of neurologic dysfunction. <jats:bold>Outcomes<\/jats:bold>. Following five consecutive days of rTMS, all subjects had reduced task\u2010related haemodynamics. Resting\u2010state brain connectivity between motor regions was reduced only after primed rTMS. <jats:bold>Discussion<\/jats:bold>. This is the first study to indicate that resting\u2010state brain connectivity can distinguish the effect of primed and unprimed rTMS to a greater extent than task\u2010related haemodynamics. Furthermore, priming may inhibit the connectivity between the area of the cortex underlying the rTMS site and remote brain regions. <jats:bold>Significance<\/jats:bold>. These findings benefit rTMS rehabilitation studies by examining haemodynamics on repeated days of stimulation and incorporating resting\u2010state brain connectivity analysis to further understand underlying neural mechanisms. Furthermore, this work encourages the utilization of resting connectivity in future rTMS studies. Copyright \u00a9 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.518","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]],"date-time":"2011-07-18T09:27:36Z","timestamp":1310981256000},"page":"117-125","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessing Low\u2010frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation with Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Christopher B.","family":"Glielmi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology\/Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"},{"name":"Siemens Healthcare  Chicago IL USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitriy M.","family":"Niyazov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology\/Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warren G.","family":"Darling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Physiology University of Iowa  Iowa City IA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles M.","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay L.","family":"Alberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The Cleveland Clinic Foundation  Cleveland OH USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoping P.","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology\/Emory University  Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2356"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)80018-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910250220"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbm052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20060274"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(92)90222-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.450040203"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","first-page":"1636","article-title":"Mapping functionally related regions of brain with functional connectivity MR imaging","volume":"21","author":"Cordes D","year":"2000","journal-title":"AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0472-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.4.666"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000231390.58967.6b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2001.1037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-34-10867.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(03)00321-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.12.5675"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-1228-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0315"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210000432"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00169-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Depression treatment turns a neuromodulatory corner: FDA clears TMS device","volume":"25","author":"Martin L","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychiatric Times"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5951","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.13.5951","article-title":"Intrinsic signal changes accompanying sensory stimulation: functional brain mapping with magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"89","author":"Ogawa S","year":"1992","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.06.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.190314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1234-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","volume-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Transcranial Stimulation","author":"Wasserman EA","year":"2008"}],"container-title":["Physiotherapy Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpri.518","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpri.518","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pri.518","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T03:58:12Z","timestamp":1696478292000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pri.518"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pri.518"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pri.518","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1358-2267","1471-2865"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1358-2267","type":"print"},{"value":"1471-2865","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,18]]}}}