{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T09:54:29Z","timestamp":1783590869393,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001215","name":"La Trobe University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001215","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite advances in physiotherapy care for Low Back Pain (LBP) worldwide, studies suggest that physiotherapists in Nigeria do not adhere to international guidelines, and it is not known whether recent treatment approaches developed for LBP are recognized or applied by physiotherapists in Nigeria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the current assessment and treatment practices used by physiotherapists in Nigeria for people with recent onset, recurrent and chronic LBP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A descriptive cross\u2010sectional electronic national survey.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and sixty\u2010seven registered physiotherapists who treat LBP across all 36 states of Nigeria completed the survey anonymously via REDCap.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and sixty\u2010seven physiotherapists (mean age\u00a0=\u00a037.6\u00a0years, SD\u00a0=\u00a09.1; 53.6% female) completed the survey in full. Although most physiotherapists (&gt;\u00a095%) regularly applied traditional assessment methods (e.g., history of presenting complaint, observation for spinal deformity, palpation), only approximately 30% screened for red flag pathology. Very few physiotherapists assessed patients with LBP for psychological distress (&lt;\u00a08%) or risk stratification\/prognostic factors (&lt;\u00a04%). For treatment, electrophysical agents and muscle techniques (e.g., massage) predominated (&gt;\u00a095%), while few physiotherapists used cognitive\u2010behavioural strategies (&lt;\u00a02%), individualised multimodal treatment programs (e.g., cognitive functional therapy, StarT Back or STOPS, &lt;\u00a01.5%), validated outcome measures (&lt;\u00a015%), clinical practice guidelines (&lt;\u00a010%) or a clinical reasoning strategy\/framework (&lt;\u00a020%). Most Nigerian physiotherapists (&gt;\u00a099%) expressed interest in learning evidence\u2010based LBP assessment and treatment methods from international experts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is very limited application of contemporary assessment and treatment practices for LBP by Nigerian physiotherapists; however, they are very interested in learning these methods from international experts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.70011","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T19:32:51Z","timestamp":1732908771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Current Physiotherapy Assessment and Treatment Practices for Low Back Pain in Nigeria: A National Survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3084-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Musa Sani","family":"Danazumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Human Services &amp; Sport La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon J.","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Human Services &amp; Sport La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bashir","family":"Kaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Physiotherapy School of Health Sciences College of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu\u2010Natal  Durban South Africa"},{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Faculty of Allied Health Sciences College of Health Sciences Bayero University Kano  Kano Nigeria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Hahne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Allied Health, Human Services &amp; Sport La Trobe University  Melbourne Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Management of People With Acute Low Back Pain Model of Care","author":"ACI","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102474\u20109\u2010112"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen\u20102021\u2010059736"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.1811"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/rejhs.v4i3.4"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","first-page":"220","article-title":"Adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines Among Three Primary Contact Professions: A Best Evidence Synthesis of the Literature for the Management of Acute and Subacute Low Back Pain","volume":"58","author":"Amorin\u2010Woods L. 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