{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:52:37Z","timestamp":1786978357603,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As sprinting gains popularity, enhancing anaerobic capacity, neuromuscular function, and cognitive performance is crucial. This study evaluated the effects of Total Motion Release (TMR) and caffeine on these functions in male sprinters to optimize performance strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this randomized controlled trial, 56 male sprinters were randomly assigned to control, caffeine, TMR, or caffeine plus TMR groups. The Stroop test, Eriksen flanker task, FMS, and Wingate test were used pre\u2010 and post\u2010intervention, with effects analyzed via within\u2010 and between\u2010group comparisons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Flanker congruent and incongruent reaction times significantly decreased with caffeine, TMR, or the combination of both (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05), with caffeine showing the greatest effect on congruent reaction times (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05). All groups except the control improved their FMS scores, but no group was significantly superior. Peak, average, and relative peak power increased in all groups except the caffeine group (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05), with no group outperforming the others. Heart rate showed a slight increase in the group receiving both caffeine and TMR (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Caffeine increases cognitive function, while TMR boosts accuracy, power, and neuromuscular function. Combined, they improve cognitive performance and reduce reaction times. TMR improves anaerobic capacity; caffeine has minimal impact. Caffeine may be better for those without sensitivity, while TMR can support neuromuscular readiness, power, and accuracy. TMR is recommended, especially for high\u2010acceleration sports.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Trial Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                      The study was registered with the IRCT committee (No: IRCT20230708058720N1, March 13, 2024)\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.70057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T04:15:05Z","timestamp":1744517705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparing Effects of Caffeine and Total Motion Release Technique on Cognitive, Neuromuscular, and Anaerobic Function in Semi\u2010Professional Male Sprinters: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Parsa","family":"Safapour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department School of Rehabilitation Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0801-2597","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazem","family":"Malmir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department School of Rehabilitation Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zinat","family":"Ashnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department School of Rehabilitation Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Fereydounnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Physical Therapy Department School of Rehabilitation Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koroush","family":"Djafarian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Nutrition Department School of Nutritional Sciences &amp; Dietetics Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sport Medicine Federation  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/hukin\u20102014\u20100041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00421\u2010008\u20100957\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010014\u20100157\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2010.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213\u2010006\u20100341\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4274\/tao.2021.2021\u20104\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467\u20108721.ep10768783"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Pre\u2010Participation Screening: The Use of Fundamental Movements as an Assessment of Function \u2010 Part 1","volume":"1","author":"Cook G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"North American Journal of Sports Physical Therapy"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","first-page":"201","article-title":"The Role of Adenosine Receptors in the Central Action of Caffeine","volume":"7","author":"Daly J. 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