{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T23:40:09Z","timestamp":1769643609402,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1762214400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a prevalent, symptom\u2010driven disorder that escalates with age and significantly impairs women's quality of life. As the first\u2010line treatment for PFD, pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) relies heavily on the patient's ability to execute a correct and isolated pelvic floor muscle contraction (PFMC). Many women inadvertently perform \u201cCOMMOV\u201d\u2010defined as contractions involving other muscles (C\u2010O\u2010M) or extraneous movements (MOV)\u2014when attempting PFMC. These compensatory contractions represent the most frequent errors during PFMC efforts. This study aims to explore risk factors for COMMOV in middle\u2010aged and elderly Chinese women and evaluate the efficacy of verbal correction (VC) and pelvic floor stimulation (PFMS) in mitigating these errors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 1292 women aged \u2265 40\u00a0years were recruited from two tertiary care centers: Wuxi Maternal and Child Health\u00a0Hospital and Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University. Participants completed comprehensive assessments including: demographic questionnaires, clinical symptoms surveys, PFM information questionnaires, Mini\u2010Mental State Examination (MMSE), Self\u2010Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self\u2010Rating Depression Scale (SDS). All participants underwent three sequential pelvic floor muscle evaluations (PFME) with recording of PFMC scores and COMMOV occurrences. After the initial PFME, participants failing to demonstrate a correct isolated PFMC received verbal correction (VC). Those still unable to perform a proper PFMC after the second PFME underwent pelvic floor magnetic stimulation (PFMS), followed by final evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>848 women performed with COMMOV at first attempt. Contractions of rectus abdominis (RA), gluteus maximus (Glut Max) and breath holding were the most common. Aged \u2265 61, information received about PFM, PFMC was practiced before assessment, higher MMSE score and mild anxiety were protective factors for COMMOV. Single, divorced, of windowed, feelings of nervousness during PFME were risk factors for COMMOV. VC reduced the prevalence of COMMOV from 65.63% to 33.98%. PFMS also reduced the prevalence of COMMOV from 33.98% to 7.51%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COMMOV are prevalent among middle\u2010aged and elderly Chinese women. The occurrence of COMMOV is associated with several factors. VC and PFMS can prevent COMMOV and assist in performing correct and independent PFMCs. Attending to risk factors for COMMOV during the execution of PFMC, along with the corresponding medical interventions, can help middle\u2010aged and elderly women carry out correct and efficient PFMT. These findings provide valuable strategic recommendations for enhancing PFM treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.70119","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T05:46:38Z","timestamp":1762321598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Factors and the Efficacy of Corrective Interventions for Abnormal Pelvic Floor Muscle Contractions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8660-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhangjie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Yangpu Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Yangpu Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minhui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiali","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Yangpu Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Yangpu Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rongan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Yangpu Hospital School of Medicine Tongji University  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junyan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University  Wuxi China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.23551"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s\u20100042\u2010119648"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anclin.2015.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192\u2010020\u201004251\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192\u2010016\u20103123\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.22402"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002\u20109378(91)90085\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1028\u20104559(08)60006\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1745691620904771"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192\u2010014\u20102596\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119512"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022\u20103956(75)90026\u20106"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","first-page":"68","article-title":"Functional Rehabilitation of Pelvic Floor Muscles: A Challenge to Tradition","volume":"16","author":"Glazer H.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Urologic Nursing"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2019.21.3\/pharvey"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","first-page":"339","article-title":"Urinary Incontinence in Women: Evaluation and Management","volume":"100","author":"Hu J. 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