{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T23:30:25Z","timestamp":1769643025340,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of those who improved their exercise tolerance during a long\u2010term cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our participants comprised patients with cardiovascular disease who participated in Phase II and Phase III outpatient CR programs at two facilities and underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing at three timepoints (i.e.,\u00a0the start of Phase II, the end of Phase II, and 6\u00a0months after the completion of Phase III). Statistical analysis was conducted by dividing the patients into responders and non\u2010responders according to whether or not improvement in peak oxygen uptake (VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      ) occurred from the end of Phase II to 6\u00a0months after the end of Phase III. A modified Poisson regression analysis was used with responders (1) and non\u2010responders (0) as dependent variables and background factors, physical function, and exercise tolerance as independent variables, while adjusting for sex and age. A linear mixed\u2010effects model was used to analyze the changes in exercise tolerance among non\u2010responders and responders across the three timepoints.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 124 participants (86 non\u2010responders and 38 responders; median age, 71.5\u00a0years; and 92 men) were included in the analysis. Modified Poisson regression analysis indicated significant relationships between improvement in peak VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and %\u0394peak VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      (IRR: 0.981, 95% CI: 0.966\u20130.996) and %\u0394 \u0394VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/\u0394WR (IRR: 0.988, 95% CI: 0.978\u20130.998). Responders had a significantly lower peak VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      at the end of Phase II (estimate: \u22121.810 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.004) and a significantly higher peak VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      at the 6\u2010month follow\u2010up of Phase III (estimate: 3.961 and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) than did non\u2010responders.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our results revealed that those who showed improvements in peak VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      during long\u2010term outpatient CR were confirmed to be those with little improvement in peak VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      and \u0394VO\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/\u0394WR during the Phase II outpatient CR program.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.70137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T05:03:18Z","timestamp":1764478998000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors Associated With Improved Exercise Tolerance Among Patients Undergoing Long\u2010Term Phase III Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Two\u2010Center Retrospective Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6562-9473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Kitayama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Itabashi Heart Clinic  Tokyo 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