{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T03:08:28Z","timestamp":1778209708426,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766880000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Balance impairments are among the most common motor impairments in patients with neurological disorders. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and robotic\u2010assisted gait training (RAGT) have recently been used in stroke rehabilitation. This review aims to investigate the effects of combined tDCS and RAGT on balance ability in patients with stroke.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Multiple databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, Cochrane Library, REHABDATA, and Web of Science, were searched from inception to June 2025. The risk of bias across the included studies was assessed using the \u201cPhysiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro)\u201d scale. Statistical analysis was carried out using \u201cComprehensive Meta\u2010Analysis Version 4 software\u201d.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Five studies met the eligibility criteria. In total, 207 patients with stroke (mean age 60.73\u00a0years, 43% female) were included in this review. The median score on the PEDro scale is 9 with 95% range: 6\u201310 and IQR: 2. Based on three studies, the meta\u2010analysis on combining tDCS with RAGT for balance in post\u2010stroke patients showed a small, non\u2010significant effect (Berg Balance Scale; SMD\u00a0=\u00a00.329, 95% CI: \u22120.622 to 1.279,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.498). Heterogeneity was moderate (I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a063%,\n                      <jats:italic>Q<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a05.347,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.069) with a prediction interval of \u22121.233 to 1.892.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Implications of Physiotherapy Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>tDCS combined with RAGT appears safe and well\u2010tolerated, but its effectiveness on balance post\u2010stroke remains inconclusive. The meta\u2010analysis showed a small, non\u2010significant effect with substantial heterogeneity. Although some studies reported significant improvements, variability across protocols and outcomes limits firm conclusions. Further high\u2010quality research is needed to clarify the benefits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.70156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]],"date-time":"2025-12-28T18:42:28Z","timestamp":1766947348000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Combined Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation and Robotic\u2010Assisted Gait Training for Balance Rehabilitation Poststroke: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3066-3943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anas R.","family":"Alashram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiotherapy Middle East University  Amman Jordan"},{"name":"Department of Human Sciences and Promotion of the Quality of Life San Raffaele Roma Open University  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2021.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/nre\u2010203047"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883\u2010018\u20101146\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/abm\u20102021\u20100014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.661815"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2022.101736"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070205"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.795788"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.2.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12984\u2010021\u201000941\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2019.01.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/nre\u2010130929"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08990220.2019.1624517"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.794784"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s41983\u2010024\u201000795\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2022.849297"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000317060.43722.a3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/86.6.817"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmcp1903252"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12071126"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215513516967"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(18)32279\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.08.109"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","first-page":"530","article-title":"The Relationship Between Parameters of Static and Dynamic Stability Tests","volume":"16","author":"Karimi M. 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