{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T23:29:51Z","timestamp":1783639791503,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fecal incontinence (FI) is a condition characterized by the involuntary loss of stool, resulting from the inability to control the sphincter and neuromuscular mechanisms responsible for continence. Percutaneous electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve (posterior tibial nerve stimulation\u2014PTNS) has been used as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of FI. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic review was conducted according to the recommendations and criteria described in the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Guide to Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses) items and in the Cochrane Manual. Experimental studies that evaluated the effects of posterior tibial nerve electrostimulation in adult patients with fecal incontinence were included. Case reports, literature reviews, and gray literature were excluded. The search was performed in the MEDLINE\/PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Regional Portal of the VHL, Embase, CINAHL, and Web of Science databases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventeen studies were included, totaling 1248 participants. The average duration of treatment protocols was 12\u00a0weeks, with predominantly weekly interventions. The most frequently used stimulation parameters included frequencies between 10 and 20\u00a0Hz and pulse widths of 200\u00a0\u03bcs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most studies demonstrated a reduction of 50% or more in fecal incontinence episodes, as well as significant improvement in severity scores and quality of life. Randomized clinical trials presented a low risk of bias, while some observational studies demonstrated methodological limitations. PTNS is a minimally invasive intervention with a favorable safety profile and potential clinical applicability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.70169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T09:23:21Z","timestamp":1770974601000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of Tibial Nerve Electrostimulation in Patients With Fecal Incontinence: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Janaina dos Santos","family":"S\u00f3stennes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tainah Santos","family":"Lacerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6987-3215","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Venicius","family":"Bentes do Nascimento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5361-5090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katiane da Costa","family":"Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5964-946X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo Santiago","family":"Barbosa Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Par\u00e1  Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Sim\u00e3o 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