{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:31:26Z","timestamp":1793363486891,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Reliable clinical tools for observational assessment of dynamic foot motion during gait are limited. Although three\u2010dimensional motion analysis is considered the reference standard, its cost and complexity restrict routine clinical use. The Dynamic Foot Index (DFI) is a simple, low\u2010cost observational tool designed to assess foot motion during gait.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This methodological study investigated the intra\u2010 and inter\u2010rater reliability of the Dynamic Foot Index (DFI) in healthy adults. Forty\u2010nine participants (98 feet) walked barefoot on a treadmill at a self\u2010selected speed while being recorded from a posterior view using a smartphone camera. Two experienced physical therapists independently analyzed video recordings of one complete stride per limb, classifying foot motion across three stance\u2010phase subphases (loading response, midstance, and push\u2010off) using a three\u2010point ordinal scale. Intra\u2010rater reliability was assessed after a 30\u2010day interval. Weighted Kappa coefficients with 95% confidence intervals and absolute percentage agreement were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intra\u2010rater reliability ranged from moderate to substantial across gait subphases (weighted Kappa\u00a0=\u00a00.54\u20130.80), with higher agreement observed during loading response and push\u2010off. Inter\u2010rater reliability ranged from fair to substantial (weighted Kappa\u00a0=\u00a00.28\u20130.68), with lower values during midstance. Absolute agreement ranged from 65% to 92%, depending on the subphase and limb assessed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Dynamic Foot Index (DFI) demonstrated moderate to substantial intra\u2010rater reliability and variable inter\u2010rater reliability across stance\u2010phase subphases in healthy adults. These findings support the use of the Dynamic Foot Index (DFI) as a clinically feasible observational tool for longitudinal assessment of foot motion during gait, particularly when applied by the same evaluator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.70196","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T09:14:35Z","timestamp":1773998075000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reliability of the Dynamic Foot Index for Observational Assessment of Foot Motion During Gait"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Guilherme Augusto Santos","family":"Araujo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Sete Lagoas (FACSETE)  Sete Lagoas Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George Schayer","family":"Sabino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences School of Physical Education Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)  Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"},{"name":"Faculdade Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas de Minas Gerais (FCMMG)  Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco D'Paula","family":"Vitor Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences School of Physical Education Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)  Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0371-1876","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus Hissa Louren\u00e7o","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sport Sciences School of Physical Education Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)  Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renan Alves","family":"Resende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences School of Physical Education Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG)  Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msksp.2018.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports\u20102014\u2010093637"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2019.109448"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502601213"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102474\u20106\u201017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757\u20101146\u20104\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2008.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2023.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/71.6.465"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20113154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/000711006x126600"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0268\u20100033(89)90006\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelekin.2006.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966\u20106362(99)00045\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.171086"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ptsp.2020.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp\u2010journals\u201010040\u20101093"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2006.05.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2007.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20108749.2003.tb00852.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Evaluation of the Subtalar Joint During Gait Using 3\u2010D Motion Analysis: Does the STJ Achieve Neutral Position?","volume":"12","author":"Mahoney J. 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