{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T17:18:01Z","timestamp":1778087881194,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Physical therapy evaluation Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes have been in practice for 8\u00a0years in the United States with limited understanding of their accuracy, reliability, and utilization. This creates challenges for physical therapists (PT) to justify their services and demonstrate their impact on patient outcomes, while also hindering systematic international comparisons with other physical therapy coding systems. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of assessing evaluation CPT code metrics in outpatient physical therapy and to determine preliminary accuracy and reliability of these codes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Outpatient PTs from an academic health care institution were recruited to review 15 patient evaluations and select the CPT code they deemed most appropriate at baseline and again for the same cases 1\u20132\u00a0weeks later. Gold standard answers were created by expert consensus based on national guidelines to calculate accuracy for each case. Krippendorff's alpha was used to assess inter\u2010 and intra\u2010rater reliability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was successful in recruiting and retaining 20 PTs (median age: 34\u00a0years [IQR 29, 37], median experience: 7\u00a0years [IQR 3, 12]). Regarding preliminary results, participants were 49% accurate in choosing the correct CPT code, had poor inter\u2010rater reliability (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.58 [95% CI 0.55\u20130.61]) and moderate intra\u2010rater reliability (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.67 [95% CI 0.58\u20130.75]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessing the reliability and accuracy of PTs' determination of evaluation CPT codes is feasible; a larger multisite study is recommended to generalize results. There was a broad range of variability in evaluation CPT coding relative to what is deemed accurate. Refining coding reliability and accuracy within the U.S. system may enable meaningful international comparisons of coding and reimbursement frameworks, supporting the identification of strengths, gaps, and best\u2010practice models to advance high\u2010value physical therapy services globally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.70203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T05:44:50Z","timestamp":1775022290000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Current Procedural Terminology Codes for Physical Therapist Evaluations in the United States: Results of a Feasibility Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0300-478X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kat K.","family":"Rethman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Services The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cody J.","family":"Mansfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy College of Health Sciences and Professions Ohio University  Athens Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie A.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biostatistics Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsea C.","family":"Lahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Services The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathy J.","family":"Wayman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Services The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Quatman\u2010Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy School of Health &amp; Rehabilitation Sciences College of Medicine Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0831-7614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matt S.","family":"Briggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine Research Institute The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Jameson Crane Sports Medicine Institute  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Rehabilitation Services The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Division of Physical Therapy School of Health &amp; Rehabilitation Sciences College of Medicine Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","volume-title":"How to Use the New PT and OT Evaluation Codes","author":"Andrus B.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","unstructured":"APTA.2017.Physical Therapy Evaluation Reference Table.https:\/\/www.apta.org\/contentassets\/d3065561ef7643ad9a88f282c6083faa\/apta\u2010evalcodes\u2010pocketguide.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","volume-title":"Tiered Coding for PT Evaluations: New APTA Podcast Series Answers Common Qu","author":"APTA","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","volume-title":"Tiered Physical Therapy Evaluation and Reevaluation CPT Codes","author":"APTA","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.1018"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.PSYCHRES.2019.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10833196.2016.1228558"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12920\u2010018\u20100420\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm14060546"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","unstructured":"Cook D.2021.Cracking the Code for Therapy Goods and Services."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSA.2024.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/WOUND.2013.0483"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.1578"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","volume-title":"Compliance Matters","author":"Evans W. 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Hayes Ph.D.\u201d Retrieved August 15 2024 from.https:\/\/afhayes.com\/spss\u2010sas\u2010and\u2010r\u2010macros\u2010and\u2010code.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BJPT.2021.100382"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136\u2010025\u201004071\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191811321"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MEX.2023.102545"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/PTJ\/PZAB212"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE\u2010161378"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/CUREUS.1043"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","unstructured":"Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics: Physical Therapists.2024.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/ooh\/healthcare\/physical\u2010therapists.htm."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fresc.2024.1351564"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","unstructured":"Picard K.2016. \u201cAmerican Physical Therapy Association: New Payment System.\u201dhttps:\/\/learningcenter.apta.org\/products\/new\u2010payment\u2010system."},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/fhj.2023\u20100021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASW.0000512481.04184.35"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/PTJ\/PZAD056"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","unstructured":"Smith H. 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