{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:10:20Z","timestamp":1786122620033,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783641600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adhesive capsulitis is characterized by progressive pain and restricted shoulder mobility, with inflammatory changes frequently observed in the rotator interval (RI). This study aimed to evaluate whether ultrasound\u2010assessed RI vascularity is associated with immediate changes in shoulder external rotation range of motion following combined corticosteroid injection and radial extracorporeal shock\u2010wave therapy (r\u2010ESWT) in adhesive capsulitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this single\u2010group quasi\u2010experimental preliminary study, 20 patients with adhesive capsulitis received intra\u2010articular corticosteroid injection followed by five r\u2010ESWT sessions targeting the RI. RI vascularity was assessed using power Doppler ultrasonography (PD\u2010US) and graded using a four\u2010point scale (Grades 0\u20133). Passive external rotation (ER) was measured before and after each session, and the immediate ER change (\u0394ER) was calculated. A linear mixed\u2010effects model was employed to identify factors associated with \u0394ER while accounting for repeated measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Vascularity grade was significantly associated with \u0394ER (\n                      <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a011.42,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Compared with Grade 3, significantly smaller gains were observed in Grades 0 (estimate\u00a0=\u00a0\u22128.72,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.014) and 1 (estimate\u00a0=\u00a0\u22128.91,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.003), whereas Grade 2 exhibited a smaller improvement that did not reach statistical significance (estimate\u00a0=\u00a0\u22126.23,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.051). No significant associations were observed for other examined covariates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Greater RI vascularity assessed using PD\u2010US was associated with larger immediate \u0394ER following combined corticosteroid injection and r\u2010ESWT in patients with adhesive capsulitis. These exploratory findings suggest that PD\u2010US\u2010based vascular assessment may provide clinically relevant information regarding stage\u2010related biological activity and short\u2010term physiological responsiveness and warrant further investigation in larger controlled studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.70285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T20:50:05Z","timestamp":1783716605000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ultrasound\u2010Assessed Rotator Interval Vascularity Is Associated With the Immediate Response to Corticosteroid Injection Combined With Radial Extracorporeal Shock\u2010Wave Therapy in Adhesive Capsulitis: A Single\u2010Group Quasi\u2010Experimental Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0062-7551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koshi","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Keyaki Clinic  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Miyachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Hokuriku University  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seiji","family":"Nishimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsugu","family":"Yoneda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical, and Health Sciences Kanazawa University  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Keyaki Clinic  Kanazawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Hachioji Sports Orthopaedic Clinic  Hachioji Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00913847.2020.1856633"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2014.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259671211003675"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mse.2002.119853"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2020.03.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256\u2010018\u20103139\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.152926"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2007.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/21679169.2015.1119887"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.03.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2519\/jospt.2013.0302"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jum.15181"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256\u2010005\u20100957\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13102\u2010024\u201000884\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2004.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s003300050540"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509348048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry","author":"Norkin C. 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