{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T12:57:45Z","timestamp":1785589065715,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Therapeutic alliance (TA)\u2014the collaborative therapist\u2013client partnership\u2014is pivotal to outcomes, yet TA tools tailored to telerehabilitation are limited. We developed and preliminarily validated a therapist\u2010reported measure for physiotherapists (PTs), occupational therapists (OTs), and speech and language therapists (SLTs): the Working Alliance Inventory\u2013Telerehabilitation (WAI\u2013Tele\u2010Reha\u2010G).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Items drew on expert interviews, adaptation guidelines, and the German WAI\u2013Short Revised (therapist version) and were refined via cognitive interviews (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a09) and pilot testing (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a034). Validation involved German\u2010speaking PTs, OTs, and SLTs (test:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0128; retest:\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a084). Rasch partial credit modelling assessed model fit, unidimensionality, local independence, threshold ordering, and differential item functioning (DIF). Reliability (Cronbach's alpha, Person Separation Index [PSI]), test\u2013retest reliability (Lin's concordance correlation coefficient [CCC]), convergent validity (with the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology\u20102 Questionnaire [UTAUT\u20102], Technology Commitment\u2013Short Scale, 5\u2010item Revised Vocational Self\u2010Efficacy Scale), known\u2010groups validity, and targeting were evaluated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Goal, task and bond scales generally fit the Rasch model and were unidimensional with ordered thresholds; no DIF was detected in this sample. Minor local dependence in the task scale was handled via a superitem during Rasch estimation; scoring remained at the item level. Internal consistency was good (alpha\u00a0=\u00a00.80\u20130.81) and PSI modest (0.72\u20130.74). Test\u2013retest reliability was excellent (CCC\u00a0=\u00a00.81\u20130.93). Correlations among goal, task, and bond were moderate\u2010to\u2010strong; correlations with technology acceptance\/commitment and vocational self\u2010efficacy were low\u2010to\u2010moderate, as hypothesised. Ceiling effects were &lt;\u00a015%, with targeting skewed towards higher TA levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The WAI\u2013Tele\u2010Reha\u2010G shows preliminary evidence of satisfactory psychometric properties for a therapist\u2010reported assessment of TA in telerehabilitation. Interpretation should consider the modest sample, therapist\u2010only perspective, targeting skew, and Rasch adjustments. Future work should add more challenging items to improve discrimination at high TA levels and develop a patient\u2010reported version to capture the dyadic nature of TA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.70309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T12:46:38Z","timestamp":1785588398000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and Validation of the WAI\u2010Tele\u2010Reha\u2010G: A Measure of Therapeutic Alliance in Telerehabilitation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7011-6231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department for Health Sciences, Medicine and Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine University of Continuing Education Krems  Krems an der Donau Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1223-4109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carole","family":"Geimer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Therapeutic Sciences SRH University Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4534-7855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gudrun","family":"Diermayr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Therapeutic Sciences SRH University Heidelberg  Heidelberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2817-1402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Reindl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6675-7335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mike C.","family":"Horton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Psychometric Laboratory for Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5699-9077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Seebacher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Science Clinic for Rehabilitation Muenster  Muenster Austria"},{"name":"Karl Landsteiner Institute for Interdisciplinary Rehabilitation Research  Muenster Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","first-page":"95","article-title":"An Index of Person Separation in Latent Trait Theory, the Traditional KR20 Index, and the Guttman Scale Response Pattern","volume":"9","author":"Andrich D.","year":"1982","journal-title":"Education Research & Perspectives"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985598"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11132-004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","volume-title":"Applying the Rasch Model: Fundamental Measurement in the Human Sciences","author":"Bond T. 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