{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:25:01Z","timestamp":1787826301837,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25K02857"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25K02857"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Physiotherapy Res Intl"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the association between shared decision\u2010making (SDM) and patient enablement in outpatient rehabilitation consultations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this observational cross\u2010sectional study, 158 patients attending outpatient rehabilitation at four facilities in Japan were assessed, of whom 93 were included in the final analyses. Sociodemographic data, disease severity (modified Rankin Scale), treatment expectations, control preferences, and health literacy were collected via self\u2010administered questionnaires. SDM was assessed using the SDM for Rehabilitation (SDM\u2010Reha) scale, and patient enablement was assessed using the Patient Enablement Instrument (PEI). Linear mixed\u2010effects models were used to examine the association between SDM\u2010Reha and PEI, adjusting for age, sex, and disease severity (modified Rankin Scale [mRS]), with therapist ID included as a random effect to account for clustering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean age was 68.3\u00a0years (SD\u00a0=\u00a012.5), and 50.5% were male. The mean SDM\u2010Reha and PEI scores were 48.7 (SD\u00a0=\u00a07.0) and 5.3 (SD\u00a0=\u00a03.1), respectively. In the linear mixed\u2010effects model adjusting for age, sex, and disease severity (modified Rankin Scale, mRS), SDM\u2010Reha was significantly associated with PEI scores (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.13, 95% CI 0.03\u20130.21,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.012). Age, sex, and disease severity were not significantly associated with PEI.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher perceived SDM was associated with greater patient enablement in Japanese outpatient rehabilitation consultations. These findings suggest a potential relationship between rehabilitation decision\u2010making experiences and patients' perceived ability to understand and manage their condition, but causal inferences are limited by the cross\u2010sectional design.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.70326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:06:44Z","timestamp":1787825204000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Shared Decision\u2010Making and Patient Enablement in Outpatient Rehabilitation: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7305-0264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoto","family":"Iwasawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"TOYOTA TSUSHO All Life Corporation AViC THE PHYSIO STUDIO  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8757-414X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shota","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TOYOTA TSUSHO All Life Corporation AViC THE PHYSIO STUDIO  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"TOYOTA TSUSHO All Life Corporation AViC THE PHYSIO STUDIO  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1458-6957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirono","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s41649\u2010021\u201000201\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmp1109283"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd010523.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/t22188\u2010000"},{"issue":"443","key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","first-page":"477","article-title":"Shared Decision\u2010Making in Primary Care: The Neglected Second Half of the Consultation","volume":"49","author":"Elwyn G.","year":"1999","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0269215515620256"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2022.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2150131915598373"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2014.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21679169.2020.1772869"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525\u20101497.2002.10905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913\u2010022\u201008501\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measuring Quality in General Practice: Pilot Study of a Needs, Process and Outcome Measure","volume":"75","author":"Howie J. 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