{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T15:03:36Z","timestamp":1753887816183,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,16]],"date-time":"2009-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1247702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH","award":["AI022021","AI19807","AI057159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI022021","AI19807","AI057159"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Protein Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proteolytically activated Protective Antigen (PA) moiety of anthrax toxin self\u2010associates to form a heptameric ring\u2010shaped oligomer (the prepore). Acidic pH within the endosome converts the prepore to a pore that serves as a passageway for the toxin's enzymatic moieties to cross the endosomal membrane. Prepore is stable in solution under mildly basic conditions, and lowering the pH promotes a conformational transition to an insoluble pore\u2010like state.<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2010tetradecylphosphocholine (FOS14) was the only detergent among 110 tested that prevented aggregation without dissociating the multimer into its constituent subunits. FOS14 maintained the heptamers as monodisperse, insertion\u2010competent 440\u2010kDa particles, which formed channels in planar phospholipid bilayers with the same unitary conductance and ability to translocate a model substrate protein as channels formed in the absence of detergent. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis detected pore\u2010like conformational changes within PA on solubilization with FOS14, and electron micrograph images of FOS14\u2010solubilized pore showed an extended, mushroom\u2010shaped structure. Circular dichro\u00efsm measurements revealed an increase in \u03b1 helix and a decrease in \u03b2 structure in pore formation. Spectral changes caused by a deletion mutation support the hypothesis that the 2\u03b22\u20102\u03b23 loop transforms into the transmembrane segment of the \u03b2\u2010barrel stem of the pore. Changes caused by selected point mutations indicate that the transition to \u03b1 structure is dependent on residues of the luminal 2\u03b211\u20102\u03b212 loop that are known to affect pore formation. Stabilizing the PA pore in solution with FOS14 may facilitate further structural analysis and a more detailed understanding of the folding pathway by which the pore is formed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.199","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,7,17]],"date-time":"2009-07-17T16:54:55Z","timestamp":1247849695000},"page":"1882-1895","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Solubilization and characterization of the anthrax toxin pore in detergent micelles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Gregory","family":"Vernier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura D.","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianjun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Likai","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R. 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