{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T13:38:48Z","timestamp":1770557928665,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,12]],"date-time":"2017-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1486857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14\u201014\u201001180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14\u201014\u201001180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Protein Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We have recently demonstrated that a common phenomenon in evolution of spider venom composition is the emergence of so\u2010called modular toxins consisting of two domains, each corresponding to a \u201cusual\u201d single\u2010domain toxin. In this article, we describe the structure of two domains that build up a modular toxin named spiderine or OtTx1a from the venom of <jats:italic>Oxyopes takobius<\/jats:italic>. Both domains were investigated by solution NMR in water and detergent micelles used to mimic membrane environment. The N\u2010terminal spiderine domain OtTx1a\u2010AMP (41 amino acid residues) contains no cysteines. It is disordered in aqueous solution but in micelles, it assumes a stable amphiphilic structure consisting of two \u03b1\u2010helices separated by a flexible linker. On the contrary, the C\u2010terminal domain OtTx1a\u2010ICK (59 residues) is a disulfide\u2010rich polypeptide reticulated by five S\u2013S bridges. It presents a stable structure in water and its core is the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) or knottin motif that is common among single\u2010domain neurotoxins. OtTx1a\u2010ICK structure is the first knottin with five disulfide bridges and it represents a good reference for the whole oxytoxin family. The affinity of both domains to membranes was measured with NMR using titration by liposome suspensions. In agreement with biological tests, OtTx1a\u2010AMP was found to show high membrane affinity explaining its potent antimicrobial properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3101","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,20]],"date-time":"2016-12-20T19:17:23Z","timestamp":1482261443000},"page":"611-616","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Modular toxin from the lynx spider <i>Oxyopes takobius<\/i>: Structure of spiderine domains in solution and membrane\u2010mimicking environment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kirill D.","family":"Nadezhdin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 16\/10 Miklukho\u2010Maklaya Moscow 117997 Russia"},{"name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) 9 Institutskiy per Dolgoprudny Moscow Region 141700 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daria D.","family":"Romanovskaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 16\/10 Miklukho\u2010Maklaya Moscow 117997 Russia"},{"name":"Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (State University) 9 Institutskiy per Dolgoprudny Moscow Region 141700 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Y.","family":"Sachkova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 16\/10 Miklukho\u2010Maklaya Moscow 117997 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter B.","family":"Oparin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 16\/10 Miklukho\u2010Maklaya Moscow 117997 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey I.","family":"Kovalchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences 16\/10 Miklukho\u2010Maklaya Moscow 117997 Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugene V.","family":"Grishin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. 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