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These responses are primarily stimulated against the lipopolysaccharide and major outer membrane (OM) proteins. OmpA is one of these major OM proteins. It comprises a N\u2010terminal eight\u2010stranded \u03b2\u2010barrel transmembrane domain and a C\u2010terminal domain (OmpA<jats:sup>CTD<\/jats:sup>). The OmpA<jats:sup>CTD<\/jats:sup> and its homologs are believed to bind to peptidoglycan (PG) within the periplasm, maintaining bacterial osmotic homeostasis and modulating the permeability and integrity of the OM. Here we present the first crystal structures of the OmpA<jats:sup>CTD<\/jats:sup> from two pathogens: <jats:italic>S. typhimurium<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>TOmpA<jats:sup>CTD<\/jats:sup>) in open and closed forms and causative agent of Lyme Disease <jats:italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>OmpA<jats:sup>CTD<\/jats:sup>), in closed form. In the open form of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>TOmpA<jats:sup>CTD<\/jats:sup>, an aspartate residue from a long \u03b22\u2010\u03b13 loop points into the binding pocket, suggesting that an anion group such as a carboxylate group from PG is favored at the binding site. In the closed form of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>TOmpA<jats:sup>CTD<\/jats:sup> and in the structure of <jats:italic>Bb<\/jats:italic>OmpA<jats:sup>CTD<\/jats:sup>, a sulfate group from the crystallization buffer is tightly bound at the binding site. The differences between the closed and open forms of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>TOmpA<jats:sup>CTD<\/jats:sup>, suggest a large conformational change that includes an extension of \u03b13 helix by ordering a part of \u03b22\u2010\u03b13 loop. We propose that the sulfate anion observed in these structures mimics the carboxylate group of PG when bound to <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>TOmpA<jats:sup>CTD<\/jats:sup> suggesting PG\u2010anchoring mechanism. In addition, the binding of PG or a ligand mimic may enhance dimerization of <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>TOmpA<jats:sup>CTD<\/jats:sup>, or possibly that of full length <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>TOmpA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,5]],"date-time":"2017-06-05T05:02:46Z","timestamp":1496638966000},"page":"1738-1748","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Insights into PG\u2010binding, conformational change, and dimerization of the OmpA C\u2010terminal domains from <i>Salmonella enterica<\/i> serovar Typhimurium and <i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kemin","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago Illinois 60637"},{"name":"Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439"},{"name":"Structural Biology Center, Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brooke L.","family":"Deatherage Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Security Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Cuff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lance","family":"Bigelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert P.","family":"Jedrzejczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago Illinois 60637"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua N.","family":"Adkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Cort","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland Washington 99352"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyorgy","family":"Babnigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago Illinois 60637"},{"name":"Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Joachimiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Structural Genomics of Infectious Diseases, University of Chicago 5735 South Ellis Avenue Chicago Illinois 60637"},{"name":"Midwest Center for Structural Genomics, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 60439"},{"name":"Structural Biology Center, Biosciences, Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois 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