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Here we report on the impact of SFN on infection with <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> (Ct), a common sexually transmitted pathogen responsible for 131 million new cases annually worldwide. Astoundingly, we find that SFN as well as broccoli sprouts extract (BSE) promote Ct infection of human host cells. Both the number and size of Ct inclusions were increased when host cells were pretreated with SFN or BSE. The initial investigations presented here point to both the antioxidant and thiol alkylating properties of SFN as regulators of Ct infection. SFN decreased mitochondrial protein sulfenylation and promoted Ct development, which were both reversed by treatment with mitochondria\u2010targeted paraquat (MitoPQ). Inhibition of the complement component 3 (complement C3) by SFN was also identified as a mechanism by which SFN promotes Ct infections. Mass spectrometry analysis found alkylation of cysteine 1010 (Cys1010) in complement C3 by SFN. The studies reported here raise awareness of the Ct infection promoting activity of SFN, and also identify potential mechanisms underlying this activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.3536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,27]],"date-time":"2018-10-27T08:34:33Z","timestamp":1540629273000},"page":"216-227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sulforaphane promotes chlamydial infection by suppressing mitochondrial protein oxidation and activation of complement C3"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Saez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine  Winston\u2010Salem 27157 North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosine","family":"Dushime","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal 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