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Using an archetypical viral protein\u2013RNA condensation model, we determined the sequence of events that starts with sub\u2010second formation of a protomer with two RNAs per protein dimer. Association of additional RNA molecules to weaker secondary binding sites in this protomer kickstarts crystallization\u2010like assembly of a molecular condensate. Primary nucleation is faster than the sum of secondary nucleation and growth, which is a multistep process. Protein\u2013RNA nuclei grow over hundreds of seconds into filaments and subsequently into nanoclusters with approximately 600\u2009nm diameter. Cryoelectron microscopy reveals an internal structure formed by incoming layers of protein\u2013RNA filaments made of ribonucleoprotein oligomers, reminiscent of genome packing of a nucleocapsid. These nanoclusters progress to liquid condensate droplets that undergo further partial coalescence to yield typical hydrogel\u2010like protein\u2013RNA coacervates that may represent the scaffold of large viral factory condensates in infected cells. Our integrated experimental kinetic investigation exposes rate\u2010limiting steps and structures along a key biological multistep pathway present across life kingdoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.70136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T07:14:20Z","timestamp":1748070860000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protein\u2013\n                    <scp>RNA<\/scp>\n                    condensation kinetics via filamentous nanoclusters"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ramon","family":"Peralta\u2010Martinez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto Leloir, IIB\u2010BA, CONICET  Buenos Aires Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Araceli","family":"Visentin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n Instituto Leloir, IIB\u2010BA, CONICET  Buenos Aires 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