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Various experimental methodologies provide insights into the effects of such cross\u2010interactions on amyloid self\u2010assembly, which range from acceleration to complete inhibition. Here, we present a comprehensive review of experimental methods most commonly used to study amyloid cross\u2010interactions both in vitro and in vivo, such as fluorescence\u2010based techniques, high\u2010resolution imaging, and spectroscopic methods. Although each method provides distinct information on amyloid interactions, we highlight that no method can fully capture the complexity of this process. In order to achieve an exhaustive portrayal, it is necessary to employ a hybrid strategy combining different experimental techniques. A core set of fluorescence methods (e.g., thioflavin T) and high\u2010resolution imaging techniques (e.g., atomic force microscopy or Cryo\u2010EM) are required to verify the lack of self\u2010assembly or alterations in fibril morphology. At the same time, immuno\u2010electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, or solid\u2010state NMR can confirm the presence of heterotypic fibrils.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.70151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T05:38:41Z","timestamp":1747633121000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Experimental methods for studying amyloid cross\u2010interactions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6241-6990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kalitnik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology Wroclaw University of Science and Technology  Wroc\u0142aw 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