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This event is absolutely critical for the pathogenesis of anthrax, and although we have yet to understand the mechanism of pore formation, recent developments have provided key insights into how this process may occur. Based on the available data, a model is proposed for the kinetic steps for protective antigen conversion from prepore to pore. In this model, the driving force for pore formation is the formation of the phi (\u03d5)\u2010clamp, a region that forms a leak\u2010free seal around the translocating polypeptide. Formation of the \u03d5\u2010clamp elicits movements within the prepore that provide steric freedom for the subsequent conformational changes required to form the membrane spanning pore.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.752","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,17]],"date-time":"2011-11-17T07:55:06Z","timestamp":1321516506000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Anthrax toxin protective antigen\u2014Insights into molecular switching from prepore to pore"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"James 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