{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T23:10:00Z","timestamp":1773097800302,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Precision Radiation Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aim to perform image\u2010guided, dose\u2010escalated, well\u2010controlled liver\u2010irradiated animal studies and subsequently evaluate radiation induced liver injury (RILI) using longitudinal CT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen 6\u20138 weeks mice were divided into three groups: control, 15Gy and 30Gy irradiated groups. The animal protocol was approved by the animal care ethics committee of our institution. Precision radiotherapy started with CT simulation, followed by treatment planning using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), image guidance with cone beam CT (CBCT) and radiation delivery on a medical linear accelerator. Weekly CT was conducted on the same CT simulator using same scanning parameters. At the end of fifth week, all mice were sacrificed, and histological staining was performed. Body weight, liver volume, HU values and histogram distributions were analyzed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Body weight of irradiation groups was significantly reduced compared to that of the control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.05). Liver volume in irradiated groups was reduced too. The average liver HU was significantly reduced in irradiated groups (HU mean = 62\u00b13, 48\u00b16, and 36\u00b18 for the control, 15Gy and 30Gy respectively; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> <jats:sub>control vs. 15Gy<\/jats:sub> &lt; 0.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> control vs. 30Gy &lt; 0.05). A linear relationship between liver HU and radiation dose was found. Furthermore, HU histogram changes with time and dose showed not only density but also structure might be affected by radiation. HE and Masson Trichrome staining confirmed histological change and increased collagen deposition in irradiated liver.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Longitudinal unenhanced CT is a useful imaging tool to evaluate the severity and progression of radiation induced liver injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pro6.1244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,9]],"date-time":"2024-11-09T14:29:15Z","timestamp":1731162555000},"page":"182-190","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Radiation induced liver injury (RILI) evaluation using longitudinal computed tomography (CT) in image\u2010guided precision murine radiotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6280-6956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuenan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8477-7391","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fada","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Therapeutic Radiology Yale University School of Medicine  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Peking University Shenzhen Hospital  Shenzhen P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanwei","family":"Jian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Therapy The Second Affiliated Hospital Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Winship Cancer Institute Emory University  Atlanta Georgia 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