{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T17:29:50Z","timestamp":1787592590265,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024CXPT084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024CXPT084"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172072"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Precision Radiation Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multi\u2010field intensity\u2010modulated proton therapy (IMPT) is a novel treatment protocol design method proposed to reduce range uncertainty. This study aimed to investigate whether multi\u2010field IMPT has a dose distribution advantage over photon intensity\u2010modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and CyberKnife in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for stage I non\u2010small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty\u2010nine patients who underwent photon SBRT from February 2021 to September 2022 at Shandong Cancer Hospital were included. Their Computed Tomography (CT) images were used to design CyberKnife and multi\u2010field IMPT plans. For the photon plan (IMRT and CyberKnife), the planning target volume (PTV), which was extended from the internal gross target volume (IGTV), was prescribed at 50 Gy. For the proton plans, the planning beam\u2010specific target volume (PBSTV) based on the IGTV was created to meet the same area as the photon PTV. Multi\u2010field IMPT was simulated by adding additional beam angles to conventional IMPT. Dose distribution assessment factors included D<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> and dose gradient index (GI) for PTV\/PBSTV, and D<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> and the hottest 0.1 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> dose (D<jats:sub>0.1cc<\/jats:sub>) for organs at risk (OARs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>With each patient receiving 7\u201311 beams, multi\u2010field IMPT had a better target GI than IMRT. For the lung, heart, spinal cord, chest wall, and ribs doses, the D<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> of the multi\u2010field IMPT was smaller than that of the other two plans for all metrics. CyberKnife was significantly less protective of the OARs than the other two planning modalities, owing to the presence of a high target center dose.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multi\u2010field IMPT achieves favorable target coverage and OAR protection compared to IMRT and CyberKnife for SBRT of NSCLC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pro6.70027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,26]],"date-time":"2025-08-26T10:12:53Z","timestamp":1756203173000},"page":"156-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Exploring the potential benefits of multi\u2010field IMPT for stage I NSCLC SBRT: An in silico dosimetric comparison to IMRT and CyberKnife"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0596-4411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ZhangMing","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South China  Hengyang Hunan Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianrui","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South China  Hengyang Hunan Province China"},{"name":"Shandong Provincial Key Medical and Health Laboratory of Pediatric Cancer Precision Radiotherapy Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences  Jinan Shandong Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South China 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