{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T20:04:30Z","timestamp":1781813070254,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768608000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82171890"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82171890"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82472843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82472843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Precision Radiation Oncology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Purpose<\/jats:title>\n Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a lethal malignancy in which stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is used for inoperable cases. However, radiation\u2010induced liver disease (RILD) remains a major risk, particularly in fibrotic livers. This study established rat models of RILD with and without preexisting fibrosis to evaluate the effects of radiation\u2010fibrosis on liver damage.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Experimental design<\/jats:title>\n \n Male Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were divided into radiation therapy (RT) (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a041; 25 Gy right liver irradiation) and thioacetamide (TAA)+RT (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0=\u00a046; 6\u2010week TAA\u2010induced fibrosis + 20 Gy RT) groups. Pathological assessments (Hematoxylin and Eosin, Masson's Trichrome, Picro\u2010Sirius Red, and TGF\u2010\u03b2\/\u03b1\u2010SMA immunohistochemistry) were performed at 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post\u2010RT to quantify fibrosis, collagen, inflammation, and ballooning degeneration. Statistical analyses included independent sample t\u2010tests, Mann\u2010Whitney U tests, and one\u2010way ANOVA, with\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05 considered significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The RT group exhibited mild edema (2\u201312 weeks), mild ballooning degeneration (4\u201312 weeks), and minimal inflammation (2\u201312 weeks). Collagen deposition and TGF\u2010\u03b2 expression increased significantly at 8\u201312 weeks (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05), whereas \u03b1\u2010SMA remained mildly elevated at 4\u201312 weeks (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0>\u00a00.05). The TAA+RT group showed mild\/severe ballooning degeneration, moderate inflammation, and markedly higher collagen\/fibrosis compared with the RT group (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05). Both TGF\u2010\u03b2 and \u03b1\u2010SMA increased progressively in the TAA+RT group, peaking at 12 weeks (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u00a0<\u00a00.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Radiation combined with preexisting fibrosis exacerbates hepatic damage and stellate cell activation. This study provides validated RILD models for translational research and highlights the need for cautious radiation dose selection in patients with fibrosis to mitigate the risk of liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pro6.70050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T11:50:11Z","timestamp":1768650611000},"page":"65-76","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Establishment and comparative analysis of radiation\u2010induced liver disease in normal and fibrotic rat models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yanting","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China"},{"name":"Graduate School Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine Hangzhou Medical College Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China"},{"name":"Cancer Center of Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danni","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China"},{"name":"Cancer Center of Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. 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China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5697-0717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixiang J.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin Hong Kong SAR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6902-0892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senxiang","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China"},{"name":"Cancer Center of Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Center of Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China"},{"name":"Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention China National Ministry of Education) of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Translational Medicine Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China"},{"name":"Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Frontier Medical Research on Cancer Metabolism Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. China"},{"name":"Cancer Center of Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang P.R. 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