{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,31]],"date-time":"2024-05-31T00:02:08Z","timestamp":1717113728599},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,23]],"date-time":"2007-04-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1177286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The crucial role of CD4 T\u2010cells in anti\u2010tumor immune response is widely recognized, yet the identification of HLA class II\u2010restricted epitopes derived from tumor antigens has lagged behind compared to class I epitopes. This is particularly true for prostate cancer. Based on the hypothesis that successful cancer immunotherapy will likely resemble autoimmunity, we searched for the CD4 T\u2010cell epitopes derived from prostatic proteins that are restricted by human leukocyte antigen <jats:italic>(HLA)\u2010DRB1*1501<\/jats:italic>, an allele associated with granulomatous prostatitis (GP), a disease that may have an autoimmune etiology. One of the antigens implicated in the development of autoimmunity in the prostate is prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), which is also considered a promising target for prostate cancer immunotherapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We immunized transgenic (tg) mice engineered to express <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DRB1*1501<\/jats:italic> with human PAP. A library of overlapping 20\u2010mer peptides spanning the entire human PAP sequence was screened <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> for T\u2010cell recognition by proliferative and interferon (IFN)\u2010\u03b3 enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified two 20\u2010mer peptides, PAP (133\u2013152), and PAP (173\u2013192), that were immunogenic and naturally processed from whole PAP in <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DRB1*1501<\/jats:italic> tg mice. These peptides were also capable of stimulating CD4 T lymphocytes from <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DRB1*1501<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive patients with GP and normal donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>These peptides can be used for the design of a new generation of peptide\u2010based vaccines against prostate cancer. The study can also be helpful in understanding the role of autoimmunity in the development of some forms of chronic prostatitis. 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