{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T12:46:09Z","timestamp":1773837969244,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,23]],"date-time":"2008-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1211500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The age\u2010related decline of the testosterone to estradiol (T\u2010to\u2010E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) ratio in serum is associated with the increased prevalence of prostatic inflammation and lower urinary tract symptoms suggesting obstructive voiding. The impact of the T\u2010to\u2010E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> ratio on the development and reversal of non\u2010bacterial prostatic inflammation and obstructive voiding was tested in adult Noble rats.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adult male Noble rats (n\u2009=\u200916) were treated with estradiol (83 \u00b5g\/day) and two different doses (280 and 830 \u00b5g\/day) of testosterone to cause hypoandrogenic and hyperandrogenic states with elevated estrogen. After the 13\u2010week hormonal treatment, urodynamical measurements and electrical activity recording of the rhabdosphincter muscle were performed under anesthesia. Testosterone, estradiol, and prolactin concentrations in serum were measured and inflammatory changes in the dorsolateral prostate were classified and counted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histopathological and urodynamical analyses indicated that the hypoandrogenic animals with a decreased T\u2010to\u2010E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> ratio (10 versus &gt; 300 in control) developed prostatic inflammation and non\u2010obstructive voiding. The hyperandrogenic state with decreased T\u2010to\u2010E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> ratio of 50 decreased the aggressiveness of the inflammation and the number of inflamed acini in the prostate and caused urethral obstruction associated with rhabdosphincter dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Different responses of the prostatic inflammation and voiding function to the change in T\u2010to\u2010E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> ratio imply that non\u2010bacterial prostatic inflammation is not a sufficient condition for the development of obstructive voiding. The present study finds no support for the idea that age\u2010 and\/or obesity\u2010related hypoandrogenic state with a decreased ratio of T\u2010to\u2010E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> would cause urethral obstruction. Prostate 68:1296\u20131306, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,23]],"date-time":"2008-05-23T14:09:40Z","timestamp":1211551780000},"page":"1296-1306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Prostatic inflammation and obstructive voiding in the adult noble rat: Impact of the testosterone to estradiol ratio in 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