{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:19:39Z","timestamp":1791235179211,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,21]],"date-time":"2008-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1216598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>A family history of prostate cancer (PCa) or breast cancer (BCa) has been associated with the risk of PCa, but the risks were inconsistent in terms of the affected family members, and data in the PSA era are limited.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study included a subcohort of the Health Professionals Follow\u2010Up Study composed of a highly PSA screened population from 1986 to 2004 with 3,695 PCa cases identified. Questionnaires and a food frequency questionnaire were administered every other and every 4 years, respectively. Family history of PCa and BCa was ascertained in 1990, 1992, and 1996. All statistics were two\u2010sided.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A family history of PCa in both a father and brother(s) was associated with a 2.3\u2010fold increased risk of PCa [95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20091.76\u20133.12]. Men with a father or brother(s) with a PCa diagnosis at age&lt;60 and \u226560 had 2.16\u2010 and 1.95\u2010fold increased risk of PCa, respectively. A family history of PCa was related to early\u2010onset PCa (&lt;65 years: RR\u2009=\u20092.25, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.95\u20132.60) and weakly to late\u2010onset PCa (\u226565 years: RR\u2009=\u20091.67, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.52\u20131.85). History of BCa in a mother or a sister was associated with a 1.22\u2010fold increased risk of PCa (95% CI\u2009=\u20091.08\u20131.38).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>A family history of PCa or BCa significantly increases PCa risk. These associations are evident in a population with widespread PSA screening. Prostate 68: 1582\u20131591, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,21]],"date-time":"2008-07-21T14:53:13Z","timestamp":1216651993000},"page":"1582-1591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Family history of prostate and breast cancer and the risk of prostate cancer in the PSA era"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"68","author":[{"given":"Yen\u2010Ching","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John 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