{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T23:47:23Z","timestamp":1789948043420,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,8]],"date-time":"2009-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1244419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inflammation has been implicated as a potential etiological agent in human prostate cancer (PCa). Proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) in prostate consists of areas of glandular atrophy associated with chronic inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation. It has been suggested that PIA is a candidate precursor of prostate malignancy. We aimed to explore the morphological transition between PIA and co\u2010existing high\u2010grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and\/or PCa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Serial slides of 50 whole\u2010mounted radical prostatectomies were studied with H&amp;E staining and immunostaining of cytokeratin 5 (CK5), glutathione <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>\u2010transferase pi (GSTP1), hepatocyte growth factor receptor (c\u2010MET), CCAAT\/enhancer binding protein \u03b2 (C\/EBP\u03b2), and Ki\u201067. Utilizing immunohistochemical stains to examine HGPIN, PIA\u2010merging HGPIN, and PIA\u2010merging PCa lesions, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1,188 HGPIN lesions were identified, of which 17% (198) were in the morphological process of merging with PIA. Thirty\u2010six PIA\u2010merging PCa lesions were also detected. The atrophic epithelial cells in such merging lesions had increased Ki\u201067 index and an intermediate phenotype: increased expression for CK5, GSTP1, c\u2010MET, and C\/EBP\u03b2. In addition, clusters of atypical epithelial cell hyperplasia, that is, with nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, and prominent nucleoli, were found in 16 PIA lesions. Such clusters of atypical cells that meet the criteria for HGPIN still expressed CK5 and were adjacent to focal chronic inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Direct morphological transition between PIA and HGPIN and\/or PCa was present. The atrophic cells in these merging lesions had an intermediate phenotype. Clusters of atypical epithelial cell hyperplasia might represent the earliest transition from PIA to HGPIN. Prostate 69: 1378\u20131386, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20992","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,8]],"date-time":"2009-06-08T13:18:31Z","timestamp":1244467111000},"page":"1378-1386","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Morphological transition of proliferative inflammatory atrophy to high\u2010grade intraepithelial neoplasia and cancer in human prostate"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Wanzhong","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Bergh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan\u2010Erik","family":"Damber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04108.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2007.06.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)65517-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.10747"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)00776-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63452-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199809000-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64132-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20061"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64286-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20595"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(00)00468-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.10116"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1700680234"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365596809136971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-1336"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"47","article-title":"Prostatic atrophy: An autopsy study of a histologic mimic of adenocarcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Billis A","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.5858\/2003-127-840-IAOTP","article-title":"Inflammatory atrophy of the prostate. Prevalence and significance","volume":"127","author":"Billis A","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2004.10.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199908000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)43869-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655900750169266"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(93)90041-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.2001.02295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003655900750169284"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(11)80969-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.pcan.4500681"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpuro0815"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-05-2018"}],"container-title":["The Prostate"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fpros.20992","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/pros.20992","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T23:23:59Z","timestamp":1699917839000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/pros.20992"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/pros.20992"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.20992","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0270-4137","1097-0045"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0270-4137","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0045","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,8]]}}}