{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:51:24Z","timestamp":1789498284853,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,27]],"date-time":"2011-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1324944000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014039","name":"DOD Prostate Cancer Research Program","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["W81XWH-06-1-0184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH-06-1-0184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014039","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"NIH","award":["T32 CA009135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA009135"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>T cells infiltrate the prostates of prostate cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant androgen deprivation. These prostate\u2010infiltrating T cells have an oligoclonal phenotype, suggesting the development of an antigen\u2010specific T\u2010cell response. We hypothesized that androgen deprivation might elicit a prostate tissue\u2010specific T\u2010cell response that could potentially be combined with other immune\u2010active therapies, and consequently sought to investigate the nature and timing of this T\u2010cell response following castration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the phenotype and cytokine expression of T cells at various time points in the prostates of Lewis rats following surgical castration, and used adoptive transfer of prostate\u2010infiltrating lymphocytes (PILs) to determine whether the infiltration by T cells was mediated by effects of castration on the prostate or lymphocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prostate T\u2010cell infiltration shortly after castration was T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>1 biased up to approximately 30 days, followed by a predominance of T<jats:sub>H<\/jats:sub>17\u2010type cells, which persisted until at least 90 days post castration. PILs from sham\u2010treated or castrate rats localized to the prostates of castrate animals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>These observations suggest castration elicits a time\u2010dependent prostate\u2010specific T\u2010cell infiltration, and this infiltration is likely mediated by effects of castration on prostate tissue rather than T\u2010cells. These findings have implications for the timing of immunotherapies combined with androgen deprivation as treatments for prostate cancer. Prostate 72:1239\u20131247, 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.22476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,27]],"date-time":"2011-12-27T13:42:40Z","timestamp":1324993360000},"page":"1239-1247","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["T cells localized to the androgen\u2010deprived prostate are T<sub>H<\/sub>1 and T<sub>H<\/sub>17 biased"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Morse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas G.","family":"McNeel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)64820-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-122-2-552"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-2760(98)00104-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1211211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4161\/cbt.7.8.6712"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-127-6-2963"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.251140998"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.10.6098"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2009.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-09-2490"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.4.2741"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2010.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-04-153627"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.159.1.3","article-title":"Testosterone 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