{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T16:24:57Z","timestamp":1764174297431},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,27]],"date-time":"2016-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472256000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated the association of prostate\u2010specific antigen (PSA) with leukocyte telomere length, which may be altered in preclinical prostate malignancies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study was based on the 2001\u20132002\u2009U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A subsample of 1,127 men aged 40\u201385 years without prior history of prostate cancer who provided informed consent and blood samples were selected. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) relative to standard DNA reference (T\/S ratio) was quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Survey\u2010weighted multivariable linear regression was performed to examine T\/S ratio across quintiles of total and free PSA and free\u2010to\u2010total PSA ratio (%fPSA). A sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding men dying from prostate cancer during follow\u2010up through to December 31, 2006. Stratification analyses were carried out to assess any effect modification by age group, race, body mass index (BMI), and levels of C\u2010reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher total PSA levels were associated to longer LTL, with approximately 8% increase in log\u2010transformed T\/S ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2\u201313%) among men in the highest quintile of total PSA compared to the lowest in the fully adjusted model (P<jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.01). No significant association was found for free PSA or %fPSA, although nonlinearity between all PSA measures and T\/S ratio was indicated. Similar results were found after excluding men who died from prostate cancer during follow\u2010up. We also found the associations between total PSA and T\/S ratio to be strongest among non\u2010Hispanic blacks, non\u2010obese men (BMI &lt;30\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), and those with low CRP. However, a significant interaction was only found between total PSA and race\/ethnicity (P<jats:sub>interaction<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20090.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSION<\/jats:title><jats:p>Total PSA levels were strongly associated to LTL, particularly among non\u2010Hispanic blacks. Our findings support a potential link between PSA and specific mechanisms contributing to prostate cancer development. <jats:italic>Prostate 77:22\u201332, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,27]],"date-time":"2016-08-27T09:06:39Z","timestamp":1472288799000},"page":"22-32","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Circulating Prostate\u2010Specific Antigen and Telomere Length in a Nationally Representative Sample of Men Without History of Prostate Cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Wahyu","family":"Wulaningsih","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing University College London London United Kingdom"},{"name":"Division of Haematology\/Oncology Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Indonesia"},{"name":"PILAR Research and Education Cambridge United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuliana","family":"Astuti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College London London United Kingdom"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics\/Gynaecology Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Matsuguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California Driver Group, L.L.C. 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