{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T10:53:45Z","timestamp":1758970425592},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476748800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA056678","R01 CA092579","K05 CA175147"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA056678","R01 CA092579","K05 CA175147"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005895","name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004622","name":"Dutch Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BUIT 2014\u20106645"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BUIT 2014\u20106645"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004622","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Prostate"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) may affect prostate cancer (PCa) growth by various mechanisms including those related to androgens. The fusion of the androgen\u2010regulated gene <jats:italic>TMPRSS2<\/jats:italic> and the oncogene <jats:italic>ERG<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>TMPRSS2:ERG<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>T2E<\/jats:italic>) is common in PCa, and prostate tumors that harbor the gene fusion are believed to represent a distinct disease subtype. We studied the association of CCB use with the risk of PCa, and molecular subtypes of PCa defined by <jats:italic>T2E<\/jats:italic> status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were residents of King County, Washington, recruited for population\u2010based case\u2013control studies (1993\u20131996 or 2002\u20132005). Tumor <jats:italic>T2E<\/jats:italic> status was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization using tumor tissue specimens from radical prostatectomy. Detailed information on use of CCBs and other variables was obtained through in\u2010person interviews. Binomial and polytomous logistic regression were used to generate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study included 1,747 PCa patients and 1,635 age\u2010matched controls. A subset of 563 patients treated with radical prostatectomy had <jats:italic>T2E<\/jats:italic> status determined, of which 295 were <jats:italic>T2E<\/jats:italic> positive (52%). Use of CCBs (ever vs. never) was not associated with overall PCa risk. However, among European\u2010American men, users had a reduced risk of higher\u2010grade PCa (Gleason scores \u22657: adjusted OR\u2009=\u20090.64; 95% CI: 0.44\u20130.95). Further, use of CCBs was associated with a reduced risk of <jats:italic>T2E<\/jats:italic> positive PCa (adjusted OR\u2009=\u20090.38; 95% CI: 0.19\u20130.78), but was not associated with <jats:italic>T2E<\/jats:italic> negative PCa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study found suggestive evidence that use of CCBs is associated with reduced relative risks for higher Gleason score and <jats:italic>T2E<\/jats:italic> positive PCa. Future studies of PCa etiology should consider etiologic heterogeneity as PCa subtypes may develop through different causal pathways. <jats:italic>Prostate 77:282\u2013290, 2017<\/jats:italic>. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,18]],"date-time":"2016-10-18T05:19:20Z","timestamp":1476767960000},"page":"282-290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Calcium Channel Blocker Use and Risk of Prostate Cancer by <i>TMPRSS2:ERG<\/i> Gene Fusion Status"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"given":"Milan S.","family":"Geybels","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Public Health Sciences Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle Washington"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology Maastricht University Maastricht The 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